EXERCISE 1:
Ex. 1. Tom and I can go without you, but Charles can't.
2. Mr. Kramer doesn't know that word, but Fred does.
3. My friend understands the lesson very well, but I don't.
4. My brother won't be at home tomorrow night, but I .................. .
5. Mr. Johnson has seen the annual report, but we .................. .
6. The other students didn't enjoy the trip yesterday, but I ................ .
7. Harold and I ride to work on the subway, but Mr. Green .................. .
8. Almost everyone had a good time last night, but Mary .................. .
9. Daniel Soto can't work on Saturday morning, but Ralph ..................... .
10. My friends are going to leave early today, but I ....................... .
31 Ekim 2009 Cumartesi
Be Going To Kisa Cevaplar
EXERCISE 2: Rewrite as yes/no questions. Then, give short answers.
Ex. 1. Peter is going to work late tonight.
Is he going to work late tonight.
Yes, he is.
2. Peter isn’t going to get up early tomorrow.
3. Peter and Steve are going to play soccer in the afternoon.
4. Steve isn’t going to go to the football game.
5. Mrs. Weber is going to watch television tonight.
6. She and Jean are going to make cookies tomorrow.
7. Patricia is going to study arts.
8. She isn’t going to cut her hair.
9. I’m going to buy a dress this afternoon.
10. Sarah and I aren’t going to the beach tomorrow.
11. It’s going to rain tomorrow.
Ex. 1. Peter is going to work late tonight.
Is he going to work late tonight.
Yes, he is.
2. Peter isn’t going to get up early tomorrow.
3. Peter and Steve are going to play soccer in the afternoon.
4. Steve isn’t going to go to the football game.
5. Mrs. Weber is going to watch television tonight.
6. She and Jean are going to make cookies tomorrow.
7. Patricia is going to study arts.
8. She isn’t going to cut her hair.
9. I’m going to buy a dress this afternoon.
10. Sarah and I aren’t going to the beach tomorrow.
11. It’s going to rain tomorrow.
Gelecek Zamanda Be Going To
EXERCISE 1: Rewrite the sentences using the going to future.
Ex. Peter sees the dentist every year.
Peter is going to see the dentist next year.
1. Jean writes her parents every Thursday.
2. I eat an apple every day.
3. David works every night.
4. I sleep late every Sunday.
5. Nancy and Peter go skiing every weekend.
6. The teacher gives a test every Monday.
7. Nancy reads the newspaper every morning.
8. Peter buys flowers for Nancy every Friday.
Ex. Peter sees the dentist every year.
Peter is going to see the dentist next year.
1. Jean writes her parents every Thursday.
2. I eat an apple every day.
3. David works every night.
4. I sleep late every Sunday.
5. Nancy and Peter go skiing every weekend.
6. The teacher gives a test every Monday.
7. Nancy reads the newspaper every morning.
8. Peter buys flowers for Nancy every Friday.
As...as Kullanimi
EXERCISE 1: Supply the phrase as ......... as. Also change all adjectives to their
corresponding adverb forms where necessary.
1. John is ............... (tall) ............. his brother.
2. Our apartment is ................. (large) ............. yours.
3. This street is ................ (wide) ............... Broadway.
4. He is not .................... (intelligent) ................ his sister.
5. I don't get up every morning ................. (early) ................. my parents.
6. She sings .................. (beautiful) ................. she plays.
7. We came ................. (quick) .................. we could.
8. We drove there .................. (fast) ............. we could.
9. The exercise on this page is .............. (easy) ............ the past one.
10. The tall girl is .............. (pretty) .............. the dark girl.
corresponding adverb forms where necessary.
1. John is ............... (tall) ............. his brother.
2. Our apartment is ................. (large) ............. yours.
3. This street is ................ (wide) ............... Broadway.
4. He is not .................... (intelligent) ................ his sister.
5. I don't get up every morning ................. (early) ................. my parents.
6. She sings .................. (beautiful) ................. she plays.
7. We came ................. (quick) .................. we could.
8. We drove there .................. (fast) ............. we could.
9. The exercise on this page is .............. (easy) ............ the past one.
10. The tall girl is .............. (pretty) .............. the dark girl.
İngilizcede Zarflar
EXERCISE : Use the adverb in each sentence in the form of comparison.
Ex. 1. She speaks (fast) than you. - She speaks faster than you.
2. He speaks (well) than you.
3. I speak (fluent) than he.
4. He speaks (well) of all.
5. I speak (rapidly) of all.
6. Johnson attends those meetings (often) than I do.
7. Alice plays the piano (well) than the other two girls.
8. Smith always drives (carelessly) than his wife.
9. We plan to get there (early) than the other guests.
10. Pierre understands English (little) of all the students.
11. He speaks English (badly) than John.
12. The letter will probably arrive (soon) than you expect.
13. Brown explains things (clearly) of all our teachers.
14. Peter attends class (regularly) of all the students.
15. Frank plays tennis (badly) of all the players.
16. I think that you acted (wisely) than he did.
17. Mr. Adams works (seriously) of all the employees.
18. The wind blew (hard) yesterday than it did on Monday.
Ex. 1. She speaks (fast) than you. - She speaks faster than you.
2. He speaks (well) than you.
3. I speak (fluent) than he.
4. He speaks (well) of all.
5. I speak (rapidly) of all.
6. Johnson attends those meetings (often) than I do.
7. Alice plays the piano (well) than the other two girls.
8. Smith always drives (carelessly) than his wife.
9. We plan to get there (early) than the other guests.
10. Pierre understands English (little) of all the students.
11. He speaks English (badly) than John.
12. The letter will probably arrive (soon) than you expect.
13. Brown explains things (clearly) of all our teachers.
14. Peter attends class (regularly) of all the students.
15. Frank plays tennis (badly) of all the players.
16. I think that you acted (wisely) than he did.
17. Mr. Adams works (seriously) of all the employees.
18. The wind blew (hard) yesterday than it did on Monday.
Zarflar - Adverbs
EXERCISE 1: Use the given adverb in parentheses.
Ex. 1. She play the piano.(well) - She plays the piano well.
2. He prepares his lessons (carefully)
3. He always does his work (happy)
4. She doesn’t drive (fast)
5. She speaks (slowly)
EXERCISE 2: Complete each sentence with the adverb form of the adjective in parentheses.
Ex. 1. The teacher always speaks clearly . (clear)
2. Susan usually answers questions .................. . (careful)
3. Elena plays the guitar .................. . (good)
4. Does your friend sing .................. . (soft)
5. I sing .................. . (beautiful)
6. They work .................. . (slow)
EXERCISE 3: Complete the questions and answer them.
Ex. Q. Who runs fast ? (fast) (Adam)
A. Adam runs fast
1. Who drivers ................. ? (carefully) (Mary)
2. Who learns ................. ? (easily) (Alice)
3. Who works ................. ? (hard) (Mrs. Silva)
4. Who sing ................. ? (beautifully) (Elena)
5. Who speaks ................. ? (clearly) (Greg)
Ex. 1. She play the piano.(well) - She plays the piano well.
2. He prepares his lessons (carefully)
3. He always does his work (happy)
4. She doesn’t drive (fast)
5. She speaks (slowly)
EXERCISE 2: Complete each sentence with the adverb form of the adjective in parentheses.
Ex. 1. The teacher always speaks clearly . (clear)
2. Susan usually answers questions .................. . (careful)
3. Elena plays the guitar .................. . (good)
4. Does your friend sing .................. . (soft)
5. I sing .................. . (beautiful)
6. They work .................. . (slow)
EXERCISE 3: Complete the questions and answer them.
Ex. Q. Who runs fast ? (fast) (Adam)
A. Adam runs fast
1. Who drivers ................. ? (carefully) (Mary)
2. Who learns ................. ? (easily) (Alice)
3. Who works ................. ? (hard) (Mrs. Silva)
4. Who sing ................. ? (beautifully) (Elena)
5. Who speaks ................. ? (clearly) (Greg)
İngilizcede Sifat Üretme
EXERCISE 1: Ex. The film wasn’t as good as we had expected. (disappoint-)
a) The film was disappointing
b) We were disappointing with the film.
1. Astronomy is one of Tom’s main interests. (interest-)
a) Tom is ............... in astronomy.
b) He finds astronomy ............... .
2. I turned off the television in the middle of the program (bore-)
a) The program was ...............
b) I was ...............
3. Ann is going to America next month. She has never been there before (excite-)
a) She is really ............... about going.
b) It will be an ............... experience for her.
4. Diana teaches young children. It’s a hard job (exhaust-)
a) She often finds her job ............... .
b) At the end of the day’s work she is often ............... .
a) The film was disappointing
b) We were disappointing with the film.
1. Astronomy is one of Tom’s main interests. (interest-)
a) Tom is ............... in astronomy.
b) He finds astronomy ............... .
2. I turned off the television in the middle of the program (bore-)
a) The program was ...............
b) I was ...............
3. Ann is going to America next month. She has never been there before (excite-)
a) She is really ............... about going.
b) It will be an ............... experience for her.
4. Diana teaches young children. It’s a hard job (exhaust-)
a) She often finds her job ............... .
b) At the end of the day’s work she is often ............... .
30 Ekim 2009 Cuma
İngilizce Sifatlarda Siralama
EXERCISE 1: Look at this.
It is a long dark blue nylon skirt.
short light brown cotton dress.
big grey polyester necktie.
small yellow wool red
Make Sentences:
1. She / put on / blue / long / dress / is / cotton / a
2. He / have / a pair of / gray / trousers / dark / polyester / ?
3. It / light / raincoat / blue / is / nylon / a
4. He / take off / dark / Jacket / cotton / is / brown / (-) / his
5. She / green / cotton / shirt / put on / dark / is / a
6. He / have / a / long / Jacket / wool / black / ?
It is a long dark blue nylon skirt.
short light brown cotton dress.
big grey polyester necktie.
small yellow wool red
Make Sentences:
1. She / put on / blue / long / dress / is / cotton / a
2. He / have / a pair of / gray / trousers / dark / polyester / ?
3. It / light / raincoat / blue / is / nylon / a
4. He / take off / dark / Jacket / cotton / is / brown / (-) / his
5. She / green / cotton / shirt / put on / dark / is / a
6. He / have / a / long / Jacket / wool / black / ?
Edilgen Cümle Yapma
EXERCISE 3: Write the passive of these sentences.
1. John wrote that letter.
Example:That letter was written by John.
2. Fire destroyed that house.
3. The audience enjoyed the concert very much.
4. Mary took that book from the desk.
5. Mary has finished the report.
6. Mr. Smith will leave the tickets at the box office.
7. The messenger has just left a box of flowers for you.
8. The police easily captured the thief.
9. Many people attended the lecture.
10. The movie disappointed us very much.
11. Mr. Jones manages the export division.
12. John returned the money last night.
13. The little boy ate the cake.
1. John wrote that letter.
Example:That letter was written by John.
2. Fire destroyed that house.
3. The audience enjoyed the concert very much.
4. Mary took that book from the desk.
5. Mary has finished the report.
6. Mr. Smith will leave the tickets at the box office.
7. The messenger has just left a box of flowers for you.
8. The police easily captured the thief.
9. Many people attended the lecture.
10. The movie disappointed us very much.
11. Mr. Jones manages the export division.
12. John returned the money last night.
13. The little boy ate the cake.
Aktif - Pasif Cümleler Edilgen Çati
EXERCISE 2:
Ex. 1. We can finish this today.
This can be finished by us today.
2. They may keep it for two weeks.
3. You can pay the bill later.
4. We have to deliver it tomorrow.
5. They can’t put those things there.
6. They must send it at once.
7. They should deliver it today.
8. John must study these exercises.
9. They may bring it later.
10. You can use this room for your lesson.
Ex. 1. We can finish this today.
This can be finished by us today.
2. They may keep it for two weeks.
3. You can pay the bill later.
4. We have to deliver it tomorrow.
5. They can’t put those things there.
6. They must send it at once.
7. They should deliver it today.
8. John must study these exercises.
9. They may bring it later.
10. You can use this room for your lesson.
Aktif - Pasif Cümleler
EXERCISE 1:
Ex. 1. Mr. Smith teaches this class.
This class is taught by Mr. Smith.
2. She writes many articles in Spanish.
3. The maid cleans the room every day.
4. Helen prepares the dinner every night.
5. The mailman delivers the mail.
6. The secretary writes all the letters.
7. They deliver the mail at ten o’clock.
8. A newsboy brings the newspaper to our office.
9. They sign the papers in ink.
10. She brings the child to school in a car.
11. The teacher corrects our compositions.
12. Everyone hears their quarrels.
13. They print the books in Boston.
14. Everyone enjoys his speeches.
15. He cuts the grass once a week.
16. They send the letters by airmail.
17. The lawyer prepares the contracts.
18. Mr. Smith provides the money for the trip.
19. They sell the magazines everywhere.
20. She corrects our exercises at home.
Ex. 1. Mr. Smith teaches this class.
This class is taught by Mr. Smith.
2. She writes many articles in Spanish.
3. The maid cleans the room every day.
4. Helen prepares the dinner every night.
5. The mailman delivers the mail.
6. The secretary writes all the letters.
7. They deliver the mail at ten o’clock.
8. A newsboy brings the newspaper to our office.
9. They sign the papers in ink.
10. She brings the child to school in a car.
11. The teacher corrects our compositions.
12. Everyone hears their quarrels.
13. They print the books in Boston.
14. Everyone enjoys his speeches.
15. He cuts the grass once a week.
16. They send the letters by airmail.
17. The lawyer prepares the contracts.
18. Mr. Smith provides the money for the trip.
19. They sell the magazines everywhere.
20. She corrects our exercises at home.
A - An Aliştirmalar
EXERCISE 2: Use A or AN.
1. ...... car 6. ...... lemon
2. ...... egg 7. ...... ashtray
3. ...... apple 8. ...... ice-cream
4. ...... umbrella 9. ...... fork
5. ...... taxi 10. ....... orange
1. ...... car 6. ...... lemon
2. ...... egg 7. ...... ashtray
3. ...... apple 8. ...... ice-cream
4. ...... umbrella 9. ...... fork
5. ...... taxi 10. ....... orange
A - An Belirteci
EXERCISE 1: Put A / AN before the following nouns.
........... lamp ......... gas ........ passport
............candy ......... margarine .......... brandy ........... tennis court ........... fruit ......... chocolate ........... perfume ........... sweater ........... sandwich
........... cigarette ............ liquor ......... raincoat ........... cookie ........... pipe tobacco .......... child ........... limousine .......... camera ......... wheel ........... ring ........... hand ........... cake
........... lighter .......... earring .......... money .......... cauliflower ........... bar .......... tie .......... university ........... carrot ......... stereo ............. microphone ............. cent ........... bean
............ swimming pool ............ eye ......... dollar ........... potato ............ wine .......... pea ........... honey ........... oil .......... chicken ............. hamburger ............. rice ........... coat
........... steak .......... mushroom ........... onion ........... briefcase .......... freezer ........... tomato ........... meat ........... hat ........... soup ........... banana ........... cheese ............ bicycle
........... hour ........... T-shirt ........... trousers ............. beer ........... glasses ........... shorts ........... jacket .......... ice ........... cigar ............ shirt .......... blouse .......... water
........... socks .......... shoe ........... skirt ........... mustard .......... jeans .......... dress ........... Scotch .......... butter .......... milk ........... salt ............ sofa ........... refrigerator
........... pepper .......... magazine ........... TV ............ stove ........... catsup .......... record ........... dishwasher ........... balcony .......... bread ............. bottle ............. sink ........... kitchen
........... sugar ........... telephone ........... cabinet ........... bathroom ......... living room ........... bag ........... table ......... bus .......... bedroom ........... tennis racket ........... chair ............. car
........... building ............ suitcase ............ door ............ taxi ......... apartment ............ shelf .......... train ........... lemon ........... book .......... window ........... truck ........... orange
........... apple ............ watch ............ knife .......... house ........... egg ............ fork .......... glass ........... bed .......... umbrella ........... plate ........... key ........... ashtray
........... purse ............. spoon ............ cup ............ radio ............ pen ........... strawberry ........... towel .......... clock .......... sugar ............ cream ........... coffee
........... lamp ......... gas ........ passport
............candy ......... margarine .......... brandy ........... tennis court ........... fruit ......... chocolate ........... perfume ........... sweater ........... sandwich
........... cigarette ............ liquor ......... raincoat ........... cookie ........... pipe tobacco .......... child ........... limousine .......... camera ......... wheel ........... ring ........... hand ........... cake
........... lighter .......... earring .......... money .......... cauliflower ........... bar .......... tie .......... university ........... carrot ......... stereo ............. microphone ............. cent ........... bean
............ swimming pool ............ eye ......... dollar ........... potato ............ wine .......... pea ........... honey ........... oil .......... chicken ............. hamburger ............. rice ........... coat
........... steak .......... mushroom ........... onion ........... briefcase .......... freezer ........... tomato ........... meat ........... hat ........... soup ........... banana ........... cheese ............ bicycle
........... hour ........... T-shirt ........... trousers ............. beer ........... glasses ........... shorts ........... jacket .......... ice ........... cigar ............ shirt .......... blouse .......... water
........... socks .......... shoe ........... skirt ........... mustard .......... jeans .......... dress ........... Scotch .......... butter .......... milk ........... salt ............ sofa ........... refrigerator
........... pepper .......... magazine ........... TV ............ stove ........... catsup .......... record ........... dishwasher ........... balcony .......... bread ............. bottle ............. sink ........... kitchen
........... sugar ........... telephone ........... cabinet ........... bathroom ......... living room ........... bag ........... table ......... bus .......... bedroom ........... tennis racket ........... chair ............. car
........... building ............ suitcase ............ door ............ taxi ......... apartment ............ shelf .......... train ........... lemon ........... book .......... window ........... truck ........... orange
........... apple ............ watch ............ knife .......... house ........... egg ............ fork .......... glass ........... bed .......... umbrella ........... plate ........... key ........... ashtray
........... purse ............. spoon ............ cup ............ radio ............ pen ........... strawberry ........... towel .......... clock .......... sugar ............ cream ........... coffee
Much - Many - Few - Little
EXERCISE 6:Complete the following sentences using A LOT OF, MUCH, MANY, A FEW, and A LITTLE.
1. She is a very busy woman. She doesn't have ................. free time.
2. He works hard and makes ................. money.
3. He knows a lot of people, but he doesn't have .................. friends.
4. I am not very hungry. I will have only ................. milk for lunch.
5. Tom is very athletic and plays ................ sports.
6. I have a lot of envelopes, but I have only .................. stamps.
7. We have ................. soap; it is not enough.
8. Mr. White is not happy. There are only ................. people in his restaurant.
EXERCISE 7: Choose the correct item.
1. He doesn't make ................ mistakes. (Many / much)
2. Are there ................ letter in the mailbox. (Some / any)
3. There are still ................ flowers in the garden. (A few / a little)
4. The farmer gave me ................. apples. (A few / a little)
5. There is ................. noise in the house. (Any / no)
6. Give me ................ time to think. (Some / any)
7. I can speak ............... French, so I understood some of the conversation. (Little / few)
8. Is there ............... coal left in the mine ?
9. Hurry up ! You don't have ............... time. (Much / a lot of)
10. If you have ................ fresh eggs, I'll buy ten of them. (Some / any)
1. She is a very busy woman. She doesn't have ................. free time.
2. He works hard and makes ................. money.
3. He knows a lot of people, but he doesn't have .................. friends.
4. I am not very hungry. I will have only ................. milk for lunch.
5. Tom is very athletic and plays ................ sports.
6. I have a lot of envelopes, but I have only .................. stamps.
7. We have ................. soap; it is not enough.
8. Mr. White is not happy. There are only ................. people in his restaurant.
EXERCISE 7: Choose the correct item.
1. He doesn't make ................ mistakes. (Many / much)
2. Are there ................ letter in the mailbox. (Some / any)
3. There are still ................ flowers in the garden. (A few / a little)
4. The farmer gave me ................. apples. (A few / a little)
5. There is ................. noise in the house. (Any / no)
6. Give me ................ time to think. (Some / any)
7. I can speak ............... French, so I understood some of the conversation. (Little / few)
8. Is there ............... coal left in the mine ?
9. Hurry up ! You don't have ............... time. (Much / a lot of)
10. If you have ................ fresh eggs, I'll buy ten of them. (Some / any)
Some - Any
EXERCISE 5: Use some or any in the following blanks.
1. There were ............... apples here a minute ago.
2. Do you want ................ fruit for dessert ?
3. There aren't ................ glasses on the table.
4. ................ teacher can help you.
5. Please buy me ................. stamps at the post office.
6. ................. students were caught cheating on the examination.
7. They have ................ cows, but they don't have ................ horses.
8. You don't need ................ help, do you ?
9. Would you like to have ............... coffee ?
10. If you have ............... questions you can not answer, you may ask me.
11. I really doubt if you can find ............... good hotels in this dirty city.
1. There were ............... apples here a minute ago.
2. Do you want ................ fruit for dessert ?
3. There aren't ................ glasses on the table.
4. ................ teacher can help you.
5. Please buy me ................. stamps at the post office.
6. ................. students were caught cheating on the examination.
7. They have ................ cows, but they don't have ................ horses.
8. You don't need ................ help, do you ?
9. Would you like to have ............... coffee ?
10. If you have ............... questions you can not answer, you may ask me.
11. I really doubt if you can find ............... good hotels in this dirty city.
A Few - A Lot Of - Many - Much - A Little Aliştirmalar
EXERCISE 2: Make sentences using A LITTLE and A FEW as in the example.
Ex. knives : There are a few knives on the shelf.
tea : There is a little tea on the shelf.
1. sugar 3. bottles 5. dishes 7. milk 9. flour
2. money 4. jam 6. coffee 8. spoons 10. lemonade
EXERCISE 3: Choose the correct word.
1. How (much, many) slices of toast would you like ?
2. Only (few, a few) decades ago, most people did not have TV sets.
3. I have (little, a little) money left. I can go to the movies.
4. It wasn't a very strong storm. (Few, a few) trees were damaged.
5. There were very (many, much) people on the cruise ship.
EXERCISE 4: Change these sentences to the negative, using MUCH or MANY.
Ex. There were a lot of students in the garden.
There weren't many students in the garden.
1. We have had a lot of trouble. 4. The building has a lot of windows.
2. She takes a lot of medicine. 5. They have lots of money.
3. She buys lots of toys. 6. I receive a lot of letters.
Ex. knives : There are a few knives on the shelf.
tea : There is a little tea on the shelf.
1. sugar 3. bottles 5. dishes 7. milk 9. flour
2. money 4. jam 6. coffee 8. spoons 10. lemonade
EXERCISE 3: Choose the correct word.
1. How (much, many) slices of toast would you like ?
2. Only (few, a few) decades ago, most people did not have TV sets.
3. I have (little, a little) money left. I can go to the movies.
4. It wasn't a very strong storm. (Few, a few) trees were damaged.
5. There were very (many, much) people on the cruise ship.
EXERCISE 4: Change these sentences to the negative, using MUCH or MANY.
Ex. There were a lot of students in the garden.
There weren't many students in the garden.
1. We have had a lot of trouble. 4. The building has a lot of windows.
2. She takes a lot of medicine. 5. They have lots of money.
3. She buys lots of toys. 6. I receive a lot of letters.
A Few - A Lot Of - Many - Much - A Little
EXERCISE 1: Put FEW, A FEW, A LOT OF, MANY, MUCH, LITTLE, and A LITTLE in place of the underlined expressions.
1. There are a large number of skyscrapers in the world today.
2. There isn't a large amount of space in our room.
3. Because of my bad eyes, I can't read a large number of novels any more.
4. Helen drinks a large amount of coffee everyday.
5. You have made a considerable number of mistakes in your composition.
6. Most people in the world today can only eat a small amount of food.
7. She doesn't put a large quantify of salt on her food.
8. She buys a very small number of expensive clothes.
9. There is a very small amount of dust in the air.
1. There are a large number of skyscrapers in the world today.
2. There isn't a large amount of space in our room.
3. Because of my bad eyes, I can't read a large number of novels any more.
4. Helen drinks a large amount of coffee everyday.
5. You have made a considerable number of mistakes in your composition.
6. Most people in the world today can only eat a small amount of food.
7. She doesn't put a large quantify of salt on her food.
8. She buys a very small number of expensive clothes.
9. There is a very small amount of dust in the air.
Be Going To İle Planlanmiş Gelecek
GOING TO
1. The phone's ringing.
I'm going to get it.
I'll get it.
2. This box is too heavy for me.
I'm going to help you.
I'll help you.
3. Who wants to do it?
It has already been decided. I'll do it.
It's already been decided. I'm going to do it.
4. What are your plans for the Summer?
I'm going to Ariba.
I'll go to Ariba.
5. I need to catch up with my work.
So I'm going to work all next weekend to catch up.
So I'll work all next weekend to catch up.
6. I need someone to take this down to the mail room.
I'm going to do it.
I'll do it.
7. I'm so tired.
I think I'm going to bed.
I think I'll go to bed.
8. Goodnight.
I'm going to see you tomorrow.
I'll see you tomorrow.
9. I need someone to meet a visitor at the airport.
I'm going to go.
I'll go.
10. I've bought myself a piano.
I'll learn to play.
I'm going to learn to play.
CEVAPLAR: BBBAABBBBB
1. The phone's ringing.
I'm going to get it.
I'll get it.
2. This box is too heavy for me.
I'm going to help you.
I'll help you.
3. Who wants to do it?
It has already been decided. I'll do it.
It's already been decided. I'm going to do it.
4. What are your plans for the Summer?
I'm going to Ariba.
I'll go to Ariba.
5. I need to catch up with my work.
So I'm going to work all next weekend to catch up.
So I'll work all next weekend to catch up.
6. I need someone to take this down to the mail room.
I'm going to do it.
I'll do it.
7. I'm so tired.
I think I'm going to bed.
I think I'll go to bed.
8. Goodnight.
I'm going to see you tomorrow.
I'll see you tomorrow.
9. I need someone to meet a visitor at the airport.
I'm going to go.
I'll go.
10. I've bought myself a piano.
I'll learn to play.
I'm going to learn to play.
CEVAPLAR: BBBAABBBBB
Will - Be Going To Karşilaştirma
Directions: Complete the sentences with the SIMPLE PRESENT or with will and/or the correct form of be going to. (In some blanks, both will and be going to may be possible.)
1. The strike has been going on for over two months now. The strikers (return, not)_______________________ work until they (get)______________a raise and the benefits they are demanding.
2. When Rita (get) her driver's license next week, she (be)_______________________ able to drive to school every day.
3. A: I see you're reading The Silk Road. I'd really like to read it sometime.
B: I (lend) it to you as soon as I (finish) it.
A: Really? Thanks!
4. A: Have you heard any news about Barbara since her car accident?
B: No, I've heard nothing. As soon as I (hear) something, I (let)________________ you know.
5. A: Mr. Jackson called. He'll be here at the garage to pick up his car in a few minutes. He (be, not)____________ very happy when he (learn)__________________about the bill for repairs on his car. Do you want to talk to him when he (come)________________ in and (ask)____________________ about his bill?
B: Not especially, but I will.
6. After Ali (return) to his country next month, he (start)______________working at the Ministry of Agriculture.
1. The strike has been going on for over two months now. The strikers (return, not)_______________________ work until they (get)______________a raise and the benefits they are demanding.
2. When Rita (get) her driver's license next week, she (be)_______________________ able to drive to school every day.
3. A: I see you're reading The Silk Road. I'd really like to read it sometime.
B: I (lend) it to you as soon as I (finish) it.
A: Really? Thanks!
4. A: Have you heard any news about Barbara since her car accident?
B: No, I've heard nothing. As soon as I (hear) something, I (let)________________ you know.
5. A: Mr. Jackson called. He'll be here at the garage to pick up his car in a few minutes. He (be, not)____________ very happy when he (learn)__________________about the bill for repairs on his car. Do you want to talk to him when he (come)________________ in and (ask)____________________ about his bill?
B: Not especially, but I will.
6. After Ali (return) to his country next month, he (start)______________working at the Ministry of Agriculture.
Gelecek Zaman Karşilaştirmali - Will vs. Be Going To
Directions: Complete the sentences with will or be going to, as appropriate. Include any words in parentheses.
1. A: Excuse me, waiter! This isn't what I ordered. I ordered a chicken sandwich.
B: Sorry, sir. I__________________take this back and get your sandwich.
A: Thank you.
2. A: Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow? We _________ visit the natural history museum. B: Sure. I've never been there.
3. A: Where's the mustard?
B: In the refrigerator, on the middle shelf.
A: I've looked there.
B: Okay. I find it for you.
4. A: What's all this paint for? (You) paint your house?
B: No, we paint my mother's house.
5. A: Paul, do you want to go with me to the shopping mall?
B: No thanks. I have some things I have to do today. I wash my car and then clean out the basement.
6. A: Someone needs to take this report to Mr. Day's office right away, but I can't leave my desk.
B: I do it.
A: Thanks.
Directions: Complete the sentences with will or the correct form of be going to, as appropriate. Include any words in parentheses.
1. A: Who'd like to take the VCR back to the visual aids room? Any volunteers?
B: I do it. /
2. A: Why did you buy so many vegetables?
B: I make a large salad for the potluck dinner tonight.
3. A: Why is Carlos wearing a suit and tie? He usually wears jeans to class.
B: He give a speech at the faculty lunch today.
A: Really? What (he) speak about?
B: About university study in his country.
4. A: I wonder what the weather is like in Chicago now. I need to know what kind of clothes to pack for my trip there. B: I don't know, but it just so happens that I have a cousin who lives in Chicago, and I have to call her tonight. I_______________ask her about the weather and tell you what she says.
5. A: Jack, I need a favor.
B: What can I do, Andy?
A: I go to a job interview this afternoon, and I don't have a decent tie to wear.
B: I lend you one of mine.
A: Thanks.
6. A: Are you going out?
B: I go to the grocery store for some fruit, meat, and rice. Can you think of anything else we need? A: How about some chocolate-covered nuts? B: I said "need"!
7. A: Janice, do you want to come with us?
B: I can't. I have to study.
A: Oh, c'mon! You can't study all day and all night.
B: All right, I go with you. I guess I can finish this stuff tomorrow.
8. A: How do you spell "accustomed"?
B: I'm not sure. I look it up for you.
A: Thanks.
B: Here it is. It has two "c’s” but only one "m".
1. A: Excuse me, waiter! This isn't what I ordered. I ordered a chicken sandwich.
B: Sorry, sir. I__________________take this back and get your sandwich.
A: Thank you.
2. A: Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow? We _________ visit the natural history museum. B: Sure. I've never been there.
3. A: Where's the mustard?
B: In the refrigerator, on the middle shelf.
A: I've looked there.
B: Okay. I find it for you.
4. A: What's all this paint for? (You) paint your house?
B: No, we paint my mother's house.
5. A: Paul, do you want to go with me to the shopping mall?
B: No thanks. I have some things I have to do today. I wash my car and then clean out the basement.
6. A: Someone needs to take this report to Mr. Day's office right away, but I can't leave my desk.
B: I do it.
A: Thanks.
Directions: Complete the sentences with will or the correct form of be going to, as appropriate. Include any words in parentheses.
1. A: Who'd like to take the VCR back to the visual aids room? Any volunteers?
B: I do it. /
2. A: Why did you buy so many vegetables?
B: I make a large salad for the potluck dinner tonight.
3. A: Why is Carlos wearing a suit and tie? He usually wears jeans to class.
B: He give a speech at the faculty lunch today.
A: Really? What (he) speak about?
B: About university study in his country.
4. A: I wonder what the weather is like in Chicago now. I need to know what kind of clothes to pack for my trip there. B: I don't know, but it just so happens that I have a cousin who lives in Chicago, and I have to call her tonight. I_______________ask her about the weather and tell you what she says.
5. A: Jack, I need a favor.
B: What can I do, Andy?
A: I go to a job interview this afternoon, and I don't have a decent tie to wear.
B: I lend you one of mine.
A: Thanks.
6. A: Are you going out?
B: I go to the grocery store for some fruit, meat, and rice. Can you think of anything else we need? A: How about some chocolate-covered nuts? B: I said "need"!
7. A: Janice, do you want to come with us?
B: I can't. I have to study.
A: Oh, c'mon! You can't study all day and all night.
B: All right, I go with you. I guess I can finish this stuff tomorrow.
8. A: How do you spell "accustomed"?
B: I'm not sure. I look it up for you.
A: Thanks.
B: Here it is. It has two "c’s” but only one "m".
Gelecek Zaman Test
WILL 4
1 What would you like to drink?
A) I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B) I'll open a window, if you like.
C) I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D) In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E) I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
2 I don't have any change for the coffee machine.
A) I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B) I'll open a window, if you like.
C) I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D) In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E) I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
3 There's someone at the door.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D)In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E)I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
4 This hotel bed's not very comfortable, is it?
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
5 You should really let Anne know.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I don't think I'll go after all.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
6 There are going to be lots of people at the match tonight.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
7 Mr. Smith is busy at the moment.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
8 Would you like a lift home?
A)I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
9 Please keep this to yourself.
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some. C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
10 I feel really tired.
A)I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
11 Can you fix my photocopier for me?
A)I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
12 I don't have time to do everything.
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
13 I need that book I lent you.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
14 Would you prefer coffee or tea?
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
15 We're completely out of coffee.
A)I won't buy any.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E I think I'll have an early night.
16n Nice to see you, Mary.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)I'll open a window, if you like.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
17 I'm feeling a bit hungry.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
18 The weather looks awful.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
19 That bag looks really heavy.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)I'll open a window, if you like.
C)I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D)In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E)I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
20 It's terrible warm in here.
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B)I'll open a window, if you like.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
CEVAPLAR: AAAEBDDEDECCCCBDBEAB
1 What would you like to drink?
A) I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B) I'll open a window, if you like.
C) I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D) In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E) I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
2 I don't have any change for the coffee machine.
A) I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B) I'll open a window, if you like.
C) I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D) In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E) I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
3 There's someone at the door.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D)In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E)I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
4 This hotel bed's not very comfortable, is it?
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
5 You should really let Anne know.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I don't think I'll go after all.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
6 There are going to be lots of people at the match tonight.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
7 Mr. Smith is busy at the moment.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
8 Would you like a lift home?
A)I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
9 Please keep this to yourself.
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some. C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
10 I feel really tired.
A)I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
11 Can you fix my photocopier for me?
A)I'll have a gin and tonic, please.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
12 I don't have time to do everything.
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
13 I need that book I lent you.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)It's a bit late. I'll phone her in the morning.
C)I'll bring it back this evening.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
14 Would you prefer coffee or tea?
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)No. I don't think we'll stay a second night, do you?
15 We're completely out of coffee.
A)I won't buy any.
B)I'll go to the shops and get some.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E I think I'll have an early night.
16n Nice to see you, Mary.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)I'll open a window, if you like.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)I can see you're busy so I won't stop long.
E)I think I'll walk. It's a nice evening.
17 I'm feeling a bit hungry.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
18 The weather looks awful.
A)I'll go.
B)I'll make you a sandwich, if you like.
C)I'll take a look at it as soon as I've finished what I'm doing.
D)Well, I won't wait. I'll come back later.
E)I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
19 That bag looks really heavy.
A)I'll help you with it.
B)I'll open a window, if you like.
C)I'll give you a hand. What do you want me to do first?
D)In that case, I won't go. I hate crowds.
E)I don't think I'll play golf this afternoon after all.
20 It's terrible warm in here.
A)I'll lend you some. You can pay me back when you have some.
B)I'll open a window, if you like.
C)I'll have some coffee, please.
D)I won't say a word to anyone.
E)I think I'll have an early night.
CEVAPLAR: AAAEBDDEDECCCCBDBEAB
Gelecek Zaman Aliştirmalar ve Cevaplar
WILL 3
1. I'm going to visit our factory in Italyas soon as I find the time.
a)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
b)The plan has already been made.
c)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
d)Something has already been arranged.
2. I'm sure that there will be a lot of demand for this new product.
a)The plan has already been made.
b)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
c)There is evidence now for the future event.
d)Something has already been arranged.
3. We're moving our production from Scotland to Austria early next year.
a)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
b)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
c)There is evidence now for the future event.
d)Something has already been arranged.
4. I'll do it.
a)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
b)Something has already been arranged.
c)There is evidence now for the future event.
d)The plan has already been made.
5. We're going to see them directly after this meeting.
a)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
b)The plan has already been made.
c)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
d)Events are fixed by a timetable.
6. The plane leaves at 7.00 am.
a)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
b)There is evidence now for the future event.
c)Events are fixed by a timetable.
d)Something has already been arranged.
CEVAPLAR :BBDABC
1. I'm going to visit our factory in Italyas soon as I find the time.
a)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
b)The plan has already been made.
c)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
d)Something has already been arranged.
2. I'm sure that there will be a lot of demand for this new product.
a)The plan has already been made.
b)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
c)There is evidence now for the future event.
d)Something has already been arranged.
3. We're moving our production from Scotland to Austria early next year.
a)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
b)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
c)There is evidence now for the future event.
d)Something has already been arranged.
4. I'll do it.
a)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
b)Something has already been arranged.
c)There is evidence now for the future event.
d)The plan has already been made.
5. We're going to see them directly after this meeting.
a)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
b)The plan has already been made.
c)The decision is being formed at the moment of speaking.
d)Events are fixed by a timetable.
6. The plane leaves at 7.00 am.
a)The speaker is certain this is going to happen.
b)There is evidence now for the future event.
c)Events are fixed by a timetable.
d)Something has already been arranged.
CEVAPLAR :BBDABC
Will Aliştirmalar ve Cevaplar
WILL 2
1. If I get this new job,
a)she won't be very happy.
b)I'll buy you some champagne.
c)we'll ask him what he thinks.
d)they won't be very happy.
2. If England win the World Cup,
a)I'll take the rest of the week off.
b)they won't be very happy.
c)I'll be very surprised.
d)I won't go either.
3. If Tony Blair continues the way he has started,
a)she won't be very happy.
b)they won't be very happy.
c)we'll ask him what he thinks.
d)he'll be one of the best ever Prime Ministers.
4. If the Euro does as well as expected,
a)she won't be very happy.
b)we'll make a lot of money.
c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll ask him what he thinks.
5. When our shareholders see how badly we have done,
a)we'll ask him what he thinks. c) she won't be very happy.
b)they won't be very happy. d) I won't go either.
6. When the boss gets back from holiday,
a)we'll ask him what he thinks. c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
b)I won't go either. d)we'll make a lot of money.
7. When the boss finds out about this,
a)we'll make a lot of money. c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
b)I won't go either. d)she won't be very happy.
8. When I finish work tonight,
a)I'll probably go and have a drink.
b)I won't go either.
c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll make a lot of money.
9. If you are definitely not going to the seminar,
a)I won't go either.
b)I'll be very surprised.
c) I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll make a lot of money.
10. If you think it's not a problem,
a)I'll buy you some champagne.
b)I'll be very surprised.
c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll make a lot of money.
CEVAPLAR : BCDBBADAAC
1. If I get this new job,
a)she won't be very happy.
b)I'll buy you some champagne.
c)we'll ask him what he thinks.
d)they won't be very happy.
2. If England win the World Cup,
a)I'll take the rest of the week off.
b)they won't be very happy.
c)I'll be very surprised.
d)I won't go either.
3. If Tony Blair continues the way he has started,
a)she won't be very happy.
b)they won't be very happy.
c)we'll ask him what he thinks.
d)he'll be one of the best ever Prime Ministers.
4. If the Euro does as well as expected,
a)she won't be very happy.
b)we'll make a lot of money.
c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll ask him what he thinks.
5. When our shareholders see how badly we have done,
a)we'll ask him what he thinks. c) she won't be very happy.
b)they won't be very happy. d) I won't go either.
6. When the boss gets back from holiday,
a)we'll ask him what he thinks. c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
b)I won't go either. d)we'll make a lot of money.
7. When the boss finds out about this,
a)we'll make a lot of money. c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
b)I won't go either. d)she won't be very happy.
8. When I finish work tonight,
a)I'll probably go and have a drink.
b)I won't go either.
c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll make a lot of money.
9. If you are definitely not going to the seminar,
a)I won't go either.
b)I'll be very surprised.
c) I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll make a lot of money.
10. If you think it's not a problem,
a)I'll buy you some champagne.
b)I'll be very surprised.
c)I'll take the rest of the week off.
d)we'll make a lot of money.
CEVAPLAR : BCDBBADAAC
Future Tense Exercise
WILL EXERCISE 1
1. Where are you going next weekend?
a)Sure, I'll get it.
b) I'm not sure. I think we'll probably stay at home.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
2. What time will you be back at the office?
a)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
b)I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)Sure, I'll get it.
3. Where do you think we'll do best with this new product?
a)I imagine we'll have a lot of success with this in Germany.
b)Sure, I'll get it.
c)Yes.I think I'll go to bed.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
4. My car's broken down. Can you help?
a)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
b)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
5. Do you know if you've got the job?
a)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b)I'll possibly find out later today.
c)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
d)I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest.
6. Could somebody answer the phone?
a)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)Sure, I'll get it.
7. Why are you building that baseball pitch, Kevin?
a)A voice told me, "If you build it, they will come."
b)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
8. What time will they arrive?
a)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
b)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
c) I'll possibly find out later today.
d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
9. You look shattered.
a) Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b) Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
c) I'll possibly find out later today.
d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
10. I'm not happy with the work Michael has been producing.
a)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b)I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest.
c)I'll possibly find out later today.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
CEVAPLAR : BBABBDABBD
1. Where are you going next weekend?
a)Sure, I'll get it.
b) I'm not sure. I think we'll probably stay at home.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
2. What time will you be back at the office?
a)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
b)I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)Sure, I'll get it.
3. Where do you think we'll do best with this new product?
a)I imagine we'll have a lot of success with this in Germany.
b)Sure, I'll get it.
c)Yes.I think I'll go to bed.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
4. My car's broken down. Can you help?
a)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
b)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
c) Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
5. Do you know if you've got the job?
a)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b)I'll possibly find out later today.
c)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
d)I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest.
6. Could somebody answer the phone?
a)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)Sure, I'll get it.
7. Why are you building that baseball pitch, Kevin?
a)A voice told me, "If you build it, they will come."
b)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
c)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
8. What time will they arrive?
a)Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
b)If they catch the early flight, they'll be here by lunchtime.
c) I'll possibly find out later today.
d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
9. You look shattered.
a) Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b) Yes. I think I'll go to bed.
c) I'll possibly find out later today.
d) I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
10. I'm not happy with the work Michael has been producing.
a)Sure. I'll give you a lift.
b)I think I'll be back by 3.00 at the latest.
c)I'll possibly find out later today.
d)I'll have a quiet word in his ear.
CEVAPLAR : BBABBDABBD
29 Ekim 2009 Perşembe
İngilizcede Used To Kullanımı
Used to
We use used + infinitive to talk about past habits and long-lasting situations which are now finished or different.
I used to smoke like a chimney. She used to live in Liverpool.
Used to ... is only past. For present habits, we use the simple present tense.
My sister smokes occasionally, (NOT My sister uses to smoke ...)
In an informal style, questions and negatives are generally made with do.
Did you use to collect stamps? I didn't use to like her.
I used not to like her. (More formal.)
1 Complete the text with words below, using used to ...
buy go have keep look after look at live play stand take
Recently we took our 15-year-old son Joe to the place in Paris where we 1 ……………………when he was a baby. We showed him the house, with the balcony where he 2 ……………………………and make speeches to imaginary crowds. Then we went inside, and believe it or not, there was Mme Duchene, who 3 ……………………….Joe when we were working. She didn't look a day older. We couldn't get into the flat, but we saw the garden where Joe 4 ………………………… Then we visited the park where we 5 …………………him for walks, the zoo where he 6 ………………………………………………..the lions and tigers, and the lake where we 7 …………………………………………boating. Not much had changed in the area: most of the shops were still there, including the wonderful old grocer's where we 8 ………………………………………delicacies like cherries in brandy. But the friendly butcher who 9 ……………………………………….the best pieces of meat for us was gone, and so was the restaurant with the bad-tempered old waitress where we 1Q ……………………………………………..Sunday lunch. I found it strange to go back: it made me feel happy and sad at the same time. But Joe was delighted with the trip.
Answer:
1 used to live
2 used to stand
3 used to look after
4 used to play
5 used to take
6 used to look at
7 used to go
8 used to buy
9 used to keep
10 used to have
2 Make sentences with used to and didn't use to about how people lived hundreds of years ago.
1 travel / horse
2 cook / wood fires
3 live so long
4 fight / spears
5 hunt / bows and arrows
6 believe / ghosts and devils
7 be able / vote
8 think / earth was flat
9 bigger families
10 children / work
Answer: (Examples of possible answers)
1 People used to travel by horse. 6 People used to believe in ghosts and
2 People used to cook with/on wood fires. devils.
3 People didn't use to live so long. 7 People didn't use to be able to vote.
4 People used to fight with spears. 8 People used to think the earth was flat.
5 People used to hunt with bows and 9 People used to have bigger families,
arrows. 10 Children used to work.
Used to and be used to.
Directions: Complete the sentences with used to or be used to and the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. I (live) used to live in Jakarta, but now I live in Paris.
2. I (live) am used to living in Jakarta. I've lived here all my life.
3. Jane (work) for the telephone company, but now she has a job at
the post office.
4. This work doesn't bother me. I (work) hard. I've
worked hard all my life.
5. Dick (have) a mustache, but he doesn't anymore. He shaved it,off
because his wife didn't like it. I (see, not) him
without his mustache. He still looks strange to me.
6. When I was a child, I (think) anyone over 40 was old. Of
course, now that I'm middle-aged, I agree with those who say, "Life begins at 40."
7. It (take) weeks or months to cross the Atlantic Ocean from Europe
to the Americas, but now it takes only a matter of hours.
8. Even though Jason is only 12, he (fly) on airplanes. His
father is a pilot and has taken Jason with him in a plane many times.
9. When I was growing up, my mother often sent me to the neighborhood store to get something
for her. And each time I went there, Mr. Ditmar, the owner, (give)
me a piece of candy.
10. Michael (take) care of himself. He left home when he
was 15 and has been on his own ever since.
Answer:
1. used to live
2. am used to living
3. used to work
4. am used to working
5. used to have .... am not used to seeing
6. used to think
7. used to take
8. is used to flying
9. used to give
10. is used to taking
We use used + infinitive to talk about past habits and long-lasting situations which are now finished or different.
I used to smoke like a chimney. She used to live in Liverpool.
Used to ... is only past. For present habits, we use the simple present tense.
My sister smokes occasionally, (NOT My sister uses to smoke ...)
In an informal style, questions and negatives are generally made with do.
Did you use to collect stamps? I didn't use to like her.
I used not to like her. (More formal.)
1 Complete the text with words below, using used to ...
buy go have keep look after look at live play stand take
Recently we took our 15-year-old son Joe to the place in Paris where we 1 ……………………when he was a baby. We showed him the house, with the balcony where he 2 ……………………………and make speeches to imaginary crowds. Then we went inside, and believe it or not, there was Mme Duchene, who 3 ……………………….Joe when we were working. She didn't look a day older. We couldn't get into the flat, but we saw the garden where Joe 4 ………………………… Then we visited the park where we 5 …………………him for walks, the zoo where he 6 ………………………………………………..the lions and tigers, and the lake where we 7 …………………………………………boating. Not much had changed in the area: most of the shops were still there, including the wonderful old grocer's where we 8 ………………………………………delicacies like cherries in brandy. But the friendly butcher who 9 ……………………………………….the best pieces of meat for us was gone, and so was the restaurant with the bad-tempered old waitress where we 1Q ……………………………………………..Sunday lunch. I found it strange to go back: it made me feel happy and sad at the same time. But Joe was delighted with the trip.
Answer:
1 used to live
2 used to stand
3 used to look after
4 used to play
5 used to take
6 used to look at
7 used to go
8 used to buy
9 used to keep
10 used to have
2 Make sentences with used to and didn't use to about how people lived hundreds of years ago.
1 travel / horse
2 cook / wood fires
3 live so long
4 fight / spears
5 hunt / bows and arrows
6 believe / ghosts and devils
7 be able / vote
8 think / earth was flat
9 bigger families
10 children / work
Answer: (Examples of possible answers)
1 People used to travel by horse. 6 People used to believe in ghosts and
2 People used to cook with/on wood fires. devils.
3 People didn't use to live so long. 7 People didn't use to be able to vote.
4 People used to fight with spears. 8 People used to think the earth was flat.
5 People used to hunt with bows and 9 People used to have bigger families,
arrows. 10 Children used to work.
Used to and be used to.
Directions: Complete the sentences with used to or be used to and the correct form of the verbs in parentheses.
1. I (live) used to live in Jakarta, but now I live in Paris.
2. I (live) am used to living in Jakarta. I've lived here all my life.
3. Jane (work) for the telephone company, but now she has a job at
the post office.
4. This work doesn't bother me. I (work) hard. I've
worked hard all my life.
5. Dick (have) a mustache, but he doesn't anymore. He shaved it,off
because his wife didn't like it. I (see, not) him
without his mustache. He still looks strange to me.
6. When I was a child, I (think) anyone over 40 was old. Of
course, now that I'm middle-aged, I agree with those who say, "Life begins at 40."
7. It (take) weeks or months to cross the Atlantic Ocean from Europe
to the Americas, but now it takes only a matter of hours.
8. Even though Jason is only 12, he (fly) on airplanes. His
father is a pilot and has taken Jason with him in a plane many times.
9. When I was growing up, my mother often sent me to the neighborhood store to get something
for her. And each time I went there, Mr. Ditmar, the owner, (give)
me a piece of candy.
10. Michael (take) care of himself. He left home when he
was 15 and has been on his own ever since.
Answer:
1. used to live
2. am used to living
3. used to work
4. am used to working
5. used to have .... am not used to seeing
6. used to think
7. used to take
8. is used to flying
9. used to give
10. is used to taking
Used To Exercise
USED TO
A: Complete the text with words below, using used to….
buy go have keep look after
look at live play stand take
Recently, we took our 14-year-old son James to the place in Lyon where we ________________ (1) when he was a baby. We showed him the house, with the balcony where he _________________ (2) and make speeches to imaginary crowds. Then we went inside, and believe it or not, there was Mme Depardieu, who _______________ (3) James when we were working. She didn't look a day older. We couldn't get into the flat, but we saw the garden where James _______________ (4). Then we visited the park where we _____________ (5) him for walks, the zoo where he ______________ (6) the elephants and monkeys, and the lake where we ______________ (7) boating. Not much had changed in the area: most of the shops were still there, including the wonderful old grocer's where we ________________ (8) delicacies like cherries in brandy. But the friendly butcher who ________________ (9) the best pieces of meat for us was gone, and so was the restaurant with the bad-tempered old waitress where we _______________ (10) Sunday lunch. I found it strange to go back: it made me feel happy and sad at the same time. But James was delighted with the trip.
ANSWERS PART A:
1. used to live 2. used to stand 3. used to look after
4. used to play 5. used to take 6. used to look at
7. used to go 8. used to buy 9. used to keep
10. used to have
B: Make sentences with used to and didn't use to about how people lived hundreds of years ago.
1. travel / horse
___________________________________________________________
2. cook / wood fires
___________________________________________________________
3. live so long
¬___________________________________________________________
4. fight / spears
___________________________________________________________
5. hunt / bows and arrows
___________________________________________________________
6. believe / ghosts and devils
___________________________________________________________
7. be able / vote
___________________________________________________________
8. think / earth was flat
___________________________________________________________
9. bigger families
___________________________________________________________
10. children / work
Suggested answers:
1. People used to travel with horses
2. People used to cook on wood fires.
3. People didn’t use to live so long.
4. People used to fight with spears.
5. People used to hunt with bows and arrows.
6. People used to believe in ghosts and devils.
7. People didn’t use to be able to vote.
8. People used to think the earth was flat.
9. People used to have bigger families.
10. Children used to work.
C: Complete with the present tense of the verb given, or used to and the verb given.
1. Jim _______________ (not get) annoyed with Brenda these days, but years ago he _______________ (get) cross with her all the time.
2. When we were young we _______________ (listen) to the radio a lot, but today most people ______________ (watch) television.
3. Today Daryl and Valerie often _____________ (go) out for a meal, but when they were newly married, they _____________ (not, go) out to restaurants.
4. "______________ Aunt Emily ______________ (drink) so much tea when she was young?"
5. Andrew _______________ (be) very difficult to get on with years ago, but now that he's married he ________________ (be) friendly.
6. Today a growing number of people ______________ (work) at home, whereas a few years ago everybody ________________ (go) to an office or a factory to work.
7. We ________________ (go) for long walks in the country when I was a young girl, but today most people _____________ (travel) by car.
ANSWERS PART C:
1. doesn't get / used to get
2. used to listen / watch
3. go / didn't use to go
4. Did…use to
5. used to be / is
6. work / used to go
7. used to go / travel
Write these sentences, putting one verb into the correct form of used to and the other into the past simple:
1. I _______________________(smoke), but I _______________________(give it up) last year.
2. I ___________________(not like) him, but then I _______________________(change) my mind.
3. He _______________________(live) in London before he _______________________(go) abroad.
4. I ___________________(earn) a lot of money, but then I _____________________(lose) my job.
5. I'm surprised that they __________(join) the tennis club. They ________________(not like) tennis.
6. _______________________(you travel) a lot before you _______________________(get) this job?
7. I _____________________(work) in a factory before I ___________________(become) a teacher.
8. She ___________________(drive) a lot before she ____________________(have) the accident.
9. That old radio _______________________(work) before I _______________________(drop) it.
10. We _______________(see) them every week, but then we ______________(have) an argument.
11. I _________________(work) in a restaurant before I ___________________(go) to college.
12. She __________________(play) a lot of tennis before she __________________(break) her leg.
13. We ______________(have) a garden, but then we ________________(move) to a different house.
14. She _________________(live) in Wales, but then she ________________(move) back to Scotland.
15. I ___________________(drive) a lorry before I _______________________(start) this business.
A: Complete the text with words below, using used to….
buy go have keep look after
look at live play stand take
Recently, we took our 14-year-old son James to the place in Lyon where we ________________ (1) when he was a baby. We showed him the house, with the balcony where he _________________ (2) and make speeches to imaginary crowds. Then we went inside, and believe it or not, there was Mme Depardieu, who _______________ (3) James when we were working. She didn't look a day older. We couldn't get into the flat, but we saw the garden where James _______________ (4). Then we visited the park where we _____________ (5) him for walks, the zoo where he ______________ (6) the elephants and monkeys, and the lake where we ______________ (7) boating. Not much had changed in the area: most of the shops were still there, including the wonderful old grocer's where we ________________ (8) delicacies like cherries in brandy. But the friendly butcher who ________________ (9) the best pieces of meat for us was gone, and so was the restaurant with the bad-tempered old waitress where we _______________ (10) Sunday lunch. I found it strange to go back: it made me feel happy and sad at the same time. But James was delighted with the trip.
ANSWERS PART A:
1. used to live 2. used to stand 3. used to look after
4. used to play 5. used to take 6. used to look at
7. used to go 8. used to buy 9. used to keep
10. used to have
B: Make sentences with used to and didn't use to about how people lived hundreds of years ago.
1. travel / horse
___________________________________________________________
2. cook / wood fires
___________________________________________________________
3. live so long
¬___________________________________________________________
4. fight / spears
___________________________________________________________
5. hunt / bows and arrows
___________________________________________________________
6. believe / ghosts and devils
___________________________________________________________
7. be able / vote
___________________________________________________________
8. think / earth was flat
___________________________________________________________
9. bigger families
___________________________________________________________
10. children / work
Suggested answers:
1. People used to travel with horses
2. People used to cook on wood fires.
3. People didn’t use to live so long.
4. People used to fight with spears.
5. People used to hunt with bows and arrows.
6. People used to believe in ghosts and devils.
7. People didn’t use to be able to vote.
8. People used to think the earth was flat.
9. People used to have bigger families.
10. Children used to work.
C: Complete with the present tense of the verb given, or used to and the verb given.
1. Jim _______________ (not get) annoyed with Brenda these days, but years ago he _______________ (get) cross with her all the time.
2. When we were young we _______________ (listen) to the radio a lot, but today most people ______________ (watch) television.
3. Today Daryl and Valerie often _____________ (go) out for a meal, but when they were newly married, they _____________ (not, go) out to restaurants.
4. "______________ Aunt Emily ______________ (drink) so much tea when she was young?"
5. Andrew _______________ (be) very difficult to get on with years ago, but now that he's married he ________________ (be) friendly.
6. Today a growing number of people ______________ (work) at home, whereas a few years ago everybody ________________ (go) to an office or a factory to work.
7. We ________________ (go) for long walks in the country when I was a young girl, but today most people _____________ (travel) by car.
ANSWERS PART C:
1. doesn't get / used to get
2. used to listen / watch
3. go / didn't use to go
4. Did…use to
5. used to be / is
6. work / used to go
7. used to go / travel
Write these sentences, putting one verb into the correct form of used to and the other into the past simple:
1. I _______________________(smoke), but I _______________________(give it up) last year.
2. I ___________________(not like) him, but then I _______________________(change) my mind.
3. He _______________________(live) in London before he _______________________(go) abroad.
4. I ___________________(earn) a lot of money, but then I _____________________(lose) my job.
5. I'm surprised that they __________(join) the tennis club. They ________________(not like) tennis.
6. _______________________(you travel) a lot before you _______________________(get) this job?
7. I _____________________(work) in a factory before I ___________________(become) a teacher.
8. She ___________________(drive) a lot before she ____________________(have) the accident.
9. That old radio _______________________(work) before I _______________________(drop) it.
10. We _______________(see) them every week, but then we ______________(have) an argument.
11. I _________________(work) in a restaurant before I ___________________(go) to college.
12. She __________________(play) a lot of tennis before she __________________(break) her leg.
13. We ______________(have) a garden, but then we ________________(move) to a different house.
14. She _________________(live) in Wales, but then she ________________(move) back to Scotland.
15. I ___________________(drive) a lorry before I _______________________(start) this business.
Use To İle Alişkanliklari Anlatma
USED TO
Geçmişte alışkanlık olarak yapılan olayları ifade ederken kullanılır.
Example;
I used to run everyday when I was at university. (Üniversitedeyken hergün koşardım.)
Bu cümleyi söyleyen kişi gizli olarak şu anda koşmadığını da ifade etmektedir. Ayrıca genelde “used to” yapısı “but ile geçiş yapar.
I did not use to run. (Eskiden koşmazdım.)
Did you use to run? (Koşarmıydın?)
“Used to” yapısının olumlu ve sorusunda görüldüğü gibi “did” yardımcı fiilinden faydalanılır. Yardımcı fiil devreye girdiğinden “use” şeklinde birinci hale döner.(Simple Past Tense’ nin özelliklerinden hatırlayınız.) Gerçi bu tartışma konusudur. “used to” modal olduğu için direk “not” alabilir diyenler de vardır ve bu kullanım informal olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ama gramer olarak “used not to” kullanımı yanlıştır.“Used to” yapısının soru ve olumsuzunda doğru kullanım yukarıdaki gibidir.
EXAMPLES
She used to gamble, but now she dosen’t. (O kumar oynardı ama şimdi oynamaz.)
Did you use to play football. (Futbol oynar mıydın?)
My father didn’t use to watch T.V, but now he is always before the screen.
(Babam T.V izlemezdi ama şimdi daima ekranın önündedir.)
Geçmişte alışkanlık olarak yapılan olayları ifade ederken kullanılır.
Example;
I used to run everyday when I was at university. (Üniversitedeyken hergün koşardım.)
Bu cümleyi söyleyen kişi gizli olarak şu anda koşmadığını da ifade etmektedir. Ayrıca genelde “used to” yapısı “but ile geçiş yapar.
I did not use to run. (Eskiden koşmazdım.)
Did you use to run? (Koşarmıydın?)
“Used to” yapısının olumlu ve sorusunda görüldüğü gibi “did” yardımcı fiilinden faydalanılır. Yardımcı fiil devreye girdiğinden “use” şeklinde birinci hale döner.(Simple Past Tense’ nin özelliklerinden hatırlayınız.) Gerçi bu tartışma konusudur. “used to” modal olduğu için direk “not” alabilir diyenler de vardır ve bu kullanım informal olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ama gramer olarak “used not to” kullanımı yanlıştır.“Used to” yapısının soru ve olumsuzunda doğru kullanım yukarıdaki gibidir.
EXAMPLES
She used to gamble, but now she dosen’t. (O kumar oynardı ama şimdi oynamaz.)
Did you use to play football. (Futbol oynar mıydın?)
My father didn’t use to watch T.V, but now he is always before the screen.
(Babam T.V izlemezdi ama şimdi daima ekranın önündedir.)
Used To Kullanımı
USED
Biçimsel Kullanımı:
I used to have alcohol. (artık içmiyorum)
I usedn’t to have alcohol. (artık içiyorum)
Used you to have alcohol? (içermiydin)
*Did you use to have alcohol? (yaygın kullanım)
I didn’t use to have alcohol.
Kullanım Alanları:
1- Simdiki zamanda zıtlık olusturan ve artık sürdürülmeyen bir alıskanlık ya da geçmisteki bir eylemi ifade etmek için.
I used to smoke cigarettes; now I smoke pipe.
He used to drink beer; now he drinks tea.
She usedn’t to like me; she loves me now.
2- Geçmisteki düzenli yinelenen bir eylemi anlatmak için. Geçmisle simdi arasında bir zıtlık yoktur. Yalnızca bir rutini betimliyoruz. Çogu kez olaylar birbirini izler. Burada used to yerine WOULD kullanılabilir.
Abuzer and Fadime were a young married couple. Every morning Abuzer used to kiss Fadime and go for work. Fadime used to stand at the windowand wave goodbye. In the evening she used to welcome him home and ask him to tell her about his day.
Every morning Abuzer would kiss Fadime and go for work...
3- Sıfat olarak Used: TO BE/BECOME/GET USED TO
Used , “accustomed” (alıskın) anlamında bir sıfat olarak da kullanılabilir. Arkasından GERUND getirilmesi gerekir.
I am used to noise.
I am used to working in a noisy room.
I will get used to typing with computer soon.
We got used to the former traffic regulations.
They soon got used to driving on the left in England.
Biçimsel Kullanımı:
I used to have alcohol. (artık içmiyorum)
I usedn’t to have alcohol. (artık içiyorum)
Used you to have alcohol? (içermiydin)
*Did you use to have alcohol? (yaygın kullanım)
I didn’t use to have alcohol.
Kullanım Alanları:
1- Simdiki zamanda zıtlık olusturan ve artık sürdürülmeyen bir alıskanlık ya da geçmisteki bir eylemi ifade etmek için.
I used to smoke cigarettes; now I smoke pipe.
He used to drink beer; now he drinks tea.
She usedn’t to like me; she loves me now.
2- Geçmisteki düzenli yinelenen bir eylemi anlatmak için. Geçmisle simdi arasında bir zıtlık yoktur. Yalnızca bir rutini betimliyoruz. Çogu kez olaylar birbirini izler. Burada used to yerine WOULD kullanılabilir.
Abuzer and Fadime were a young married couple. Every morning Abuzer used to kiss Fadime and go for work. Fadime used to stand at the windowand wave goodbye. In the evening she used to welcome him home and ask him to tell her about his day.
Every morning Abuzer would kiss Fadime and go for work...
3- Sıfat olarak Used: TO BE/BECOME/GET USED TO
Used , “accustomed” (alıskın) anlamında bir sıfat olarak da kullanılabilir. Arkasından GERUND getirilmesi gerekir.
I am used to noise.
I am used to working in a noisy room.
I will get used to typing with computer soon.
We got used to the former traffic regulations.
They soon got used to driving on the left in England.
Our Perception May Be Misleading Us!
Our Perception May Be Misleading Us!
Once, I and a friend of mine went to a seminar. The keynot speaker was a businessman who was very successful in his sector and had loyalties which formed a regular income and freed him to control his life. He was able to control most of his life because he had plenty of time in a day. He was not only was financially independent, but also had a lot of free time to spend on his own projects and to focus on his relationships.
The speaker had a slideshow that included photos from his life. When the seminar was over I and my friend left the room and that surprising comment came from my friend: “The whole seminar was about money!”
When I heard this comment, I felt very surprised. Because the seminarian had not mainly focused on the amount of the money he earned. Actually the most amazing thing to me about the seminar was that the speaker could spend a lot of quality time with his family. So his relationships were very fruitful and enjoyable. But this thing is not only a result of the amount of the money he earned, but a result of the income that comes as “loyalties.” In addition, the speaker had mainly focused on what advantages the way the money came to offered and the vast amount of time he could spend with his family and for his own.
Also due to the success the seminarian had, he was invited to various countries to give speeches, which meant nice holidays he could go on with his family. He could accept these invitations because he did not go to work every day. He did not sell “time” for a living.
But my friend had not noticed all of these important results. It gave me the idea that human perception may be very misleading. Actually, the person who emphasized the value of the concept-money was not the speaker, but was my friend. He had not paid attention to the whole thing and he had read what he had on his own mind: Money.
I had such an experience while I worked at the university: One day the students who visited me in my office were more than usual and the number of the female visitors and male visitors were nearly the same. One of the young teachers teasingly said: “You are very popular with female students! What is happening here?” He thought he was just kidding and I replied him: “Do not ask this question to me. Ask it to your perception. I am not popular with female students, but your perception is occupied with them, I believe. I had many male visitors today and you did not even notice them! What is happening there?” and I smiled. The response was a speechless expression on his face. Then I went to my desk and abandoned myself to my daily tasks.
Due to the fact that I often saw the people who are deceived by their own perception-mind, I started to regard my mind and perception as some parts apart from myself. I often ask the question “is my mind deceiving me, too?” For example, your perception can whisper to you that a person is greedy and so he is too careful about spending money. But actually he may be saving money to support a charity.
For example a friend of yours tells you that he can drive his family to country or somewhere else and he enjoys it, your perception may whisper to you that your friend is bragging about his car. Actually maybe your friend’s car is too old to brag about and he honestly enjoys spending time with his family and sharing this valuable thing with you.
When we see a rope from a distance, our perception whispers that it is a snake. Actually our perception is trying to protect us from a possible danger. But we should check if it is really a snake. To run away immediately is not the solution. However, many people run away immediately when their mind defines a rope to them as a snake. It sometimes sounds very funny to me!
Do you think I make a mistake by regarding my mind and perception as apart from myself and checking if what they whisper to me is true?
-----------
Recommended sources and other articles related to the topic: Hit the line you want to check:
A Great Movie: The Beautiful Mind
Our Perception May Be Misleading Us!
Once, I and a friend of mine went to a seminar. The keynot speaker was a businessman who was very successful in his sector and had loyalties which formed a regular income and freed him to control his life. He was able to control most of his life because he had plenty of time in a day. He was not only was financially independent, but also had a lot of free time to spend on his own projects and to focus on his relationships.
The speaker had a slideshow that included photos from his life. When the seminar was over I and my friend left the room and that surprising comment came from my friend: “The whole seminar was about money!”
When I heard this comment, I felt very surprised. Because the seminarian had not mainly focused on the amount of the money he earned. Actually the most amazing thing to me about the seminar was that the speaker could spend a lot of quality time with his family. So his relationships were very fruitful and enjoyable. But this thing is not only a result of the amount of the money he earned, but a result of the income that comes as “loyalties.” In addition, the speaker had mainly focused on what advantages the way the money came to offered and the vast amount of time he could spend with his family and for his own.
Also due to the success the seminarian had, he was invited to various countries to give speeches, which meant nice holidays he could go on with his family. He could accept these invitations because he did not go to work every day. He did not sell “time” for a living.
But my friend had not noticed all of these important results. It gave me the idea that human perception may be very misleading. Actually, the person who emphasized the value of the concept-money was not the speaker, but was my friend. He had not paid attention to the whole thing and he had read what he had on his own mind: Money.
I had such an experience while I worked at the university: One day the students who visited me in my office were more than usual and the number of the female visitors and male visitors were nearly the same. One of the young teachers teasingly said: “You are very popular with female students! What is happening here?” He thought he was just kidding and I replied him: “Do not ask this question to me. Ask it to your perception. I am not popular with female students, but your perception is occupied with them, I believe. I had many male visitors today and you did not even notice them! What is happening there?” and I smiled. The response was a speechless expression on his face. Then I went to my desk and abandoned myself to my daily tasks.
Due to the fact that I often saw the people who are deceived by their own perception-mind, I started to regard my mind and perception as some parts apart from myself. I often ask the question “is my mind deceiving me, too?” For example, your perception can whisper to you that a person is greedy and so he is too careful about spending money. But actually he may be saving money to support a charity.
For example a friend of yours tells you that he can drive his family to country or somewhere else and he enjoys it, your perception may whisper to you that your friend is bragging about his car. Actually maybe your friend’s car is too old to brag about and he honestly enjoys spending time with his family and sharing this valuable thing with you.
When we see a rope from a distance, our perception whispers that it is a snake. Actually our perception is trying to protect us from a possible danger. But we should check if it is really a snake. To run away immediately is not the solution. However, many people run away immediately when their mind defines a rope to them as a snake. It sometimes sounds very funny to me!
Do you think I make a mistake by regarding my mind and perception as apart from myself and checking if what they whisper to me is true?
-----------
Recommended sources and other articles related to the topic: Hit the line you want to check:
A Great Movie: The Beautiful Mind
Our Perception May Be Misleading Us!
How Personal Can Dreams Be?
I always emphasize that one should have a dream to succeed in learning a foreign language or achieving a goal.
For example, you are learning a foreign language; so you should have a vision about it. You should envision yourself understanding or speaking the language correctly and fluently in a meeting or at an occasion. Also, you can just imagine yourself enjoying the language itself. The main thing is that you should see yourself somewhere, doing something with the language. The vision you have can be linked to the language indirectly or directly. The bottom line is that you should a vision, a motion picture on your mind.
Recently, to refresh my memory and my vision, I have asked to myself: “What is your dream related to your work and endless effort? I can see that I have many dreams. But one of them sounds remarkably interesting and exciting: To be able to go somewhere whenever I feel like doing so. The destination may be somewhere in Turkiye-my homeland or abroad. For Example, in Doğu Beyazıt, Edirne, Sarajevo, Moscow, Beijing, Arabian Deserts or Turkic Republics can be my destinations.
Have I never done such a thing? Yes I have. I enjoyed many cities in Turkiye and abroad; Shanghai, Paris, Brussel and so on. I am thankful for that. However, I have not done it by saying “I’ll have sone tea-coffe in Paris, Malaysia or China. I have visited many countries and cities. But the trips all have been on business to do translating for businessmen.
Then I shared this vision with a friend of mine and he said that this sounded very selfish! I said “OK listen to the rest!” and I told him the whole thing:
For me to go to another city and have some coffee is not a matter of a return ticket and some money. It requires lots of preparation. Yes I want to go to a city, read, write poetry or meet friends and this picture looks very self-oriented. But it requires very hard work and infrastructure related to my family and beloved ones. Just return tickets and some cash to spend there is the not the key. There is the other side of the medal and it looks like this:
To enable myself to go to another city freely depends on their happiness and being happy with me. So I must take them abroad, meet their expectations and help them to make their dreams come true. While I sit in a café and write, read or meet friends, I must know that my family and beloved ones are happy and they miss me. I must know that they do not envy me or are not angry with me. As a son, a brother, a father or a husband, they must be happy with me and believe that what I do is something I deserve. Otherwise, leaving people in anger and jealousy, I cannot enjoy anything personal. Neither reading a nice book nor having a nice cup of tea will make happy and relaxed.
To sum up, my innocent dream cannot depend on a return ticket and some cash. I am already able to do this. Sometimes the basement is more expensive than the building itself. My story is the same.
After I told the whole thing to my friend, he said: “You are right! Your dream is not a self-oriented one!”
I am not the age of leaving people unhappy and jealous behind and just chasing after my dreams, which I never complain about. I just want to see happy faces and embracing people on my return.
By the way, I always write about reading and writing. Nowadays, I have a lot of students and friend in many cities. I would like to meet them and talk the old days. It would be fun!
I expect too much? Do not be afraid: I expect from God, not from you!
For example, you are learning a foreign language; so you should have a vision about it. You should envision yourself understanding or speaking the language correctly and fluently in a meeting or at an occasion. Also, you can just imagine yourself enjoying the language itself. The main thing is that you should see yourself somewhere, doing something with the language. The vision you have can be linked to the language indirectly or directly. The bottom line is that you should a vision, a motion picture on your mind.
Recently, to refresh my memory and my vision, I have asked to myself: “What is your dream related to your work and endless effort? I can see that I have many dreams. But one of them sounds remarkably interesting and exciting: To be able to go somewhere whenever I feel like doing so. The destination may be somewhere in Turkiye-my homeland or abroad. For Example, in Doğu Beyazıt, Edirne, Sarajevo, Moscow, Beijing, Arabian Deserts or Turkic Republics can be my destinations.
Have I never done such a thing? Yes I have. I enjoyed many cities in Turkiye and abroad; Shanghai, Paris, Brussel and so on. I am thankful for that. However, I have not done it by saying “I’ll have sone tea-coffe in Paris, Malaysia or China. I have visited many countries and cities. But the trips all have been on business to do translating for businessmen.
Then I shared this vision with a friend of mine and he said that this sounded very selfish! I said “OK listen to the rest!” and I told him the whole thing:
For me to go to another city and have some coffee is not a matter of a return ticket and some money. It requires lots of preparation. Yes I want to go to a city, read, write poetry or meet friends and this picture looks very self-oriented. But it requires very hard work and infrastructure related to my family and beloved ones. Just return tickets and some cash to spend there is the not the key. There is the other side of the medal and it looks like this:
To enable myself to go to another city freely depends on their happiness and being happy with me. So I must take them abroad, meet their expectations and help them to make their dreams come true. While I sit in a café and write, read or meet friends, I must know that my family and beloved ones are happy and they miss me. I must know that they do not envy me or are not angry with me. As a son, a brother, a father or a husband, they must be happy with me and believe that what I do is something I deserve. Otherwise, leaving people in anger and jealousy, I cannot enjoy anything personal. Neither reading a nice book nor having a nice cup of tea will make happy and relaxed.
To sum up, my innocent dream cannot depend on a return ticket and some cash. I am already able to do this. Sometimes the basement is more expensive than the building itself. My story is the same.
After I told the whole thing to my friend, he said: “You are right! Your dream is not a self-oriented one!”
I am not the age of leaving people unhappy and jealous behind and just chasing after my dreams, which I never complain about. I just want to see happy faces and embracing people on my return.
By the way, I always write about reading and writing. Nowadays, I have a lot of students and friend in many cities. I would like to meet them and talk the old days. It would be fun!
I expect too much? Do not be afraid: I expect from God, not from you!
How Come I Can Visit Various Countries?
I often face the question: “How can you go abroad so often and see various countries?” I am often asked this by people I meet on various occasions. They think I am rich. I reply them and say: “You can do it, too.” Their reaction is a smile that implies a poor state of mind. They do not believe that one day they can go abroad and see so many countries.
If a person feels that they have other priorities and as a result of these priorities, they delay going abroad or give up the idea, I have respect for them. People may not be able to achieve everything they want to. I can understand that.
However, if they murmur and say “I cannot do it or cannot afford it, I have to be rich first”, then, I find this attitude rather childish. You don’t have to make so much money to go abroad. However, why think that you cannot make such money that enables you to go abroad? Why not? Everyday, a lot of people achieve their dreams, no matter who they are- why not you?
If you go on living with some people that dictate you that you cannot have your dreams like going abroad, getting familiar with other cultures and countries etc. and if you choose to live that way, it is your “home-made” problem. If you often say and things like “It is difficult for me, I will not be granted to have this thing!” Then it is a kind of speaking for god. Do not make God your partner in your poor attitude and thinking. Do your best, ask from God, and then see what will happen next!
How come I can go abroad? I have studied foreign languages for years and read a lot on human relations. I have tried to know about people and I have never given up. I made mistakes again and again. I have tried to find out about personalities. I have spent time with such people with whom not everyone can spend time. They are leaders who have great expectations and work hard. I have tried to understand their languages and expectations because I want to be one. I am not only a translator, but also a comrade. I travel with them and attend meetings with them. Therefore, I have to understand them and react to them properly.
I openly let them know how I can assist them and there are things I cannot do for them. It is not very wise to be indirect with such people. If you are not open with them, you will lose them. They may accept your qualifications or not. In either case, to be open is rewarding. Even if they are not your partner, they will have a supportive and helpful attitude towards you. If you cooperate, both parties will be untroubled and your partnership in business transforms into a friendship.I have often told that I wanted to go abroad and to see other countries. I have never been ashamed of my dreams or felt guilty or crazy. I have never avoided sharing this dream-goal with others. People have known that I want to go abroad and to see other countries. Finally, people told me about job opportunities related to going abroad.
Briefly, it has never been a matter of money. It has been a matter of setting goals and hard-work.
By the way, I build my own business. My business depends on team work and understanding others’ dreams and expectations. I will go abroad for myself and my business soon. I will travel with my family. I ask for them openly from God, not from people. Why hesitate? However, I ask people to get involved in team works where both sides can win. I don’t hesitate to do it. God sends us his help and assistance through people, doesn’t he?
You can travel, too. It is very enjoyable as well. When you come back to your homeland, you will have changed a lot and seen a lot of places, whereas others seem to have lived in the same way. However, you may feel that you belong to a certain place. Your desire to learn foreign languages and to find out about your own culture is more lively.
The way you handle things and people changes. For example, if
If a person feels that they have other priorities and as a result of these priorities, they delay going abroad or give up the idea, I have respect for them. People may not be able to achieve everything they want to. I can understand that.
However, if they murmur and say “I cannot do it or cannot afford it, I have to be rich first”, then, I find this attitude rather childish. You don’t have to make so much money to go abroad. However, why think that you cannot make such money that enables you to go abroad? Why not? Everyday, a lot of people achieve their dreams, no matter who they are- why not you?
If you go on living with some people that dictate you that you cannot have your dreams like going abroad, getting familiar with other cultures and countries etc. and if you choose to live that way, it is your “home-made” problem. If you often say and things like “It is difficult for me, I will not be granted to have this thing!” Then it is a kind of speaking for god. Do not make God your partner in your poor attitude and thinking. Do your best, ask from God, and then see what will happen next!
How come I can go abroad? I have studied foreign languages for years and read a lot on human relations. I have tried to know about people and I have never given up. I made mistakes again and again. I have tried to find out about personalities. I have spent time with such people with whom not everyone can spend time. They are leaders who have great expectations and work hard. I have tried to understand their languages and expectations because I want to be one. I am not only a translator, but also a comrade. I travel with them and attend meetings with them. Therefore, I have to understand them and react to them properly.
I openly let them know how I can assist them and there are things I cannot do for them. It is not very wise to be indirect with such people. If you are not open with them, you will lose them. They may accept your qualifications or not. In either case, to be open is rewarding. Even if they are not your partner, they will have a supportive and helpful attitude towards you. If you cooperate, both parties will be untroubled and your partnership in business transforms into a friendship.I have often told that I wanted to go abroad and to see other countries. I have never been ashamed of my dreams or felt guilty or crazy. I have never avoided sharing this dream-goal with others. People have known that I want to go abroad and to see other countries. Finally, people told me about job opportunities related to going abroad.
Briefly, it has never been a matter of money. It has been a matter of setting goals and hard-work.
By the way, I build my own business. My business depends on team work and understanding others’ dreams and expectations. I will go abroad for myself and my business soon. I will travel with my family. I ask for them openly from God, not from people. Why hesitate? However, I ask people to get involved in team works where both sides can win. I don’t hesitate to do it. God sends us his help and assistance through people, doesn’t he?
You can travel, too. It is very enjoyable as well. When you come back to your homeland, you will have changed a lot and seen a lot of places, whereas others seem to have lived in the same way. However, you may feel that you belong to a certain place. Your desire to learn foreign languages and to find out about your own culture is more lively.
The way you handle things and people changes. For example, if
28 Ekim 2009 Çarşamba
Sayılamayan İsimler "uncountable nouns"
EXERCISE (UNCOUNTABLE)
A- Choose the most suitable form of the word underlined.
1. Different countries have different weather/weathers.
2. All areas of the skin are covered in tiny hair/hairs.
3. We’ve looked at the menu and we’d like chicken/chickens.
4. Jack is a millionaire and owns a lot of business/businesses.
5. Have you got a copy of the complete work/works.
6. None of the passengers had insured their baggage/baggages.
7. There will be thunder and lightning/thunders and lightnings.
8. Students must pass their paper/papers here.
9. I’d like coffee, toast/toasts, and marmalade/marmalades, please.
B- Put a/an/some/ into the spaces.
1. I can’t come out tonight. I have ................homework to do.
2. What shall we do tomorrow evening? How about ................dancing?
3. There is ...........very beautiful countryside near here.
4. Sue received ...............excellent education.
5. My friends bought me .................coffee maker for my birthday.
6. David has just bought ............... new furniture.
7. Let me give you ...........advice.
8. The building is strenghtened with ..................steel frame.
9. My trousers need pressing. Can you lend me ....................iron?
C- Circle the best answer.
1. I like your new trousers. Where did you buy .......?
a- it b- them c- them both d- them all
2. There is always a very large ......... at the church.
a- congregation b- audience c- spectator d- company
3. The local ........has agreed to repair the road.
a- government b- people c- council d- jury
4. When the police arrived, we were pleased to see............ .
a- him b- him or her c- it d- them
5. We had an accident and the car turned over, but luckly it didn’t have serious.......
a- damage b- injury c- damages d- injuries
6. Sorry, I’m late, but I had a lot of ........to do.
a- job b- work c- task d- labour
7. Julie bought herself a complete new ........ for winter.
a- outfit b- cloth c- clothing d- wear
8. I feel like going out tonight. Let’s go to a/an.......... .
a- dancing b- night c- club d- entertainment
9. Thanks for a great weekend. We really had a/an ................ .
a- fun b- enjoyment c- hospitality d- good time
A- Choose the most suitable form of the word underlined.
1. Different countries have different weather/weathers.
2. All areas of the skin are covered in tiny hair/hairs.
3. We’ve looked at the menu and we’d like chicken/chickens.
4. Jack is a millionaire and owns a lot of business/businesses.
5. Have you got a copy of the complete work/works.
6. None of the passengers had insured their baggage/baggages.
7. There will be thunder and lightning/thunders and lightnings.
8. Students must pass their paper/papers here.
9. I’d like coffee, toast/toasts, and marmalade/marmalades, please.
B- Put a/an/some/ into the spaces.
1. I can’t come out tonight. I have ................homework to do.
2. What shall we do tomorrow evening? How about ................dancing?
3. There is ...........very beautiful countryside near here.
4. Sue received ...............excellent education.
5. My friends bought me .................coffee maker for my birthday.
6. David has just bought ............... new furniture.
7. Let me give you ...........advice.
8. The building is strenghtened with ..................steel frame.
9. My trousers need pressing. Can you lend me ....................iron?
C- Circle the best answer.
1. I like your new trousers. Where did you buy .......?
a- it b- them c- them both d- them all
2. There is always a very large ......... at the church.
a- congregation b- audience c- spectator d- company
3. The local ........has agreed to repair the road.
a- government b- people c- council d- jury
4. When the police arrived, we were pleased to see............ .
a- him b- him or her c- it d- them
5. We had an accident and the car turned over, but luckly it didn’t have serious.......
a- damage b- injury c- damages d- injuries
6. Sorry, I’m late, but I had a lot of ........to do.
a- job b- work c- task d- labour
7. Julie bought herself a complete new ........ for winter.
a- outfit b- cloth c- clothing d- wear
8. I feel like going out tonight. Let’s go to a/an.......... .
a- dancing b- night c- club d- entertainment
9. Thanks for a great weekend. We really had a/an ................ .
a- fun b- enjoyment c- hospitality d- good time
If Cümleleri Eşleme
Rosie March does not usually go on the motorway to work. But this morning she did and she was involved in an accident with a lorry carrying dangerous chemicals.
Complete the sentences with these clauses:
he would have seen Rosie's car,
if the fire brigade hadn't arrived and put out the fire,
she might have been killed,
the driver could have stopped in time,
if she'd taken her normal route to work,
1 If she hadn't been wearing her seat-belt,.......................
2 If the lorry's brakes had been working, .............................
3 Rosie wouldn't be in hospital now ..............................
4 If the lorry driver hadn't been looking at his map,..................
5 The lorry might have exploded ...........................
Answer:
1 If she hadn't been wearing her seat-belt, she might have been killed.
2 If the lorry's brakes had been working, the driver could have stopped in time.
3 Rosie wouldn't be in hospital now if she'd taken her normal route to work.
4 If the lorry driver hadn't been looking at his map, he would have seen Rosie's car.
5 The lorry might have exploded if the fire brigade hadn't arrived and put out the fire.
Complete the sentences with these clauses:
he would have seen Rosie's car,
if the fire brigade hadn't arrived and put out the fire,
she might have been killed,
the driver could have stopped in time,
if she'd taken her normal route to work,
1 If she hadn't been wearing her seat-belt,.......................
2 If the lorry's brakes had been working, .............................
3 Rosie wouldn't be in hospital now ..............................
4 If the lorry driver hadn't been looking at his map,..................
5 The lorry might have exploded ...........................
Answer:
1 If she hadn't been wearing her seat-belt, she might have been killed.
2 If the lorry's brakes had been working, the driver could have stopped in time.
3 Rosie wouldn't be in hospital now if she'd taken her normal route to work.
4 If the lorry driver hadn't been looking at his map, he would have seen Rosie's car.
5 The lorry might have exploded if the fire brigade hadn't arrived and put out the fire.
Boşluklara Doğru Formları Yazma
Sally's boyfriend, Rory, has just arrived home from Sweden. She did not know he was coming. Complete the dialogue using the past perfect and would have.
'If 1(1 know)........ you were coming, I (2 make) …………………….you a meal.'
'I (3 phone)......... you if I (4 have) …………………….time, but I've been traveling all day. And if I …………… (5 phone) you, it ………………………(6 not be) a surprise!'
'Yes, but what (7 you do) if 1(8 not be) ……………………….here?'
'I (9 go).......... to a hotel, I suppose.' 'But you said you were going to be in Sweden for a month.'
'I know, but if 1(10 stay).......... there any longer, I (11 go) …………….crazy. I was missing you so much.'
Answer :
1 I'd known
2 I'd have made/I would've made
3 I'd have phoned/I would've phoned
4 I'd had
5 I'd phoned
6 it wouldn't have been
7 what would you have done
8 I hadn't been
9 I'd have gone/I would've gone
10 I'd stayed
11 I'd have gone/I would have gone
'If 1(1 know)........ you were coming, I (2 make) …………………….you a meal.'
'I (3 phone)......... you if I (4 have) …………………….time, but I've been traveling all day. And if I …………… (5 phone) you, it ………………………(6 not be) a surprise!'
'Yes, but what (7 you do) if 1(8 not be) ……………………….here?'
'I (9 go).......... to a hotel, I suppose.' 'But you said you were going to be in Sweden for a month.'
'I know, but if 1(10 stay).......... there any longer, I (11 go) …………….crazy. I was missing you so much.'
Answer :
1 I'd known
2 I'd have made/I would've made
3 I'd have phoned/I would've phoned
4 I'd had
5 I'd phoned
6 it wouldn't have been
7 what would you have done
8 I hadn't been
9 I'd have gone/I would've gone
10 I'd stayed
11 I'd have gone/I would have gone
27 Ekim 2009 Salı
I Wish ...Yapıları ve Kullanımı
Imagine that you are in these situations. For each situation, write a sentence with I wish... .
1 You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say:...I wish I hadn’t eaten so much………......
2 There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I............
3 When you were younger, you didn't learn to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say:
4 You've painted the gate red. Now you think that it doesn't look very nice.
You say:
5 You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but you didn't
bring your camera. You say:
6 You have some unexpected guests. They didn't tell you they were coming. You are very busy
and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself):
Answers:
2 I wish I'd / I had applied for it. or ...for the job.
3 I wish I'd /1 had learned to play a musical instrument.
4 I wish I hadn't painted it red. / ...painted the gate red.
5 I wish I'd /1 had brought my camera.
6 I wish they'd / they had told me they were coming, or I wish I'd /1 had known they were coming.
1 You've eaten too much and now you feel sick.
You say:...I wish I hadn’t eaten so much………......
2 There was a job advertised in the newspaper. You decided not to apply for it. Now you think that your decision was wrong.
You say: I wish I............
3 When you were younger, you didn't learn to play a musical instrument. Now you regret this.
You say:
4 You've painted the gate red. Now you think that it doesn't look very nice.
You say:
5 You are walking in the country. You would like to take some photographs but you didn't
bring your camera. You say:
6 You have some unexpected guests. They didn't tell you they were coming. You are very busy
and you are not prepared for them.
You say (to yourself):
Answers:
2 I wish I'd / I had applied for it. or ...for the job.
3 I wish I'd /1 had learned to play a musical instrument.
4 I wish I hadn't painted it red. / ...painted the gate red.
5 I wish I'd /1 had brought my camera.
6 I wish they'd / they had told me they were coming, or I wish I'd /1 had known they were coming.
Cevaplarla Şart Cümleleri
Write a sentence with if for each situation.
1 I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
... If I had been. hungry, I would have, eaten something...
2 The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
If the driver in front..............................
3 I didn't know that George had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If I.....................
4 I was able to buy the car only because Jim lent me the money.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
5 Margaret wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
…………………………………………………………………………………
6 You didn't have any breakfast - that's why you're hungry now.
……………………………………………………………………………….
7 I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money on me.
………………………………………………………………………….
Answers:
2 If the driver in front hadn't stopped so suddenly, the accident wouldn't have happened.
3 If I'd /1 had known that George had to get up early, I'd /1 would have woken him up.
4 If Jim hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have been able to buy the car. or ...I couldn't have bought the car.
5 If Margaret hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she'd / she would have been injured. If you'd / you had had (some) breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry
now.
6 If I'd /1 had had some money on me, I'd /1 would have got a taxi.
1 I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
... If I had been. hungry, I would have, eaten something...
2 The accident happened because the driver in front stopped so suddenly.
If the driver in front..............................
3 I didn't know that George had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If I.....................
4 I was able to buy the car only because Jim lent me the money.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
5 Margaret wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
…………………………………………………………………………………
6 You didn't have any breakfast - that's why you're hungry now.
……………………………………………………………………………….
7 I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money on me.
………………………………………………………………………….
Answers:
2 If the driver in front hadn't stopped so suddenly, the accident wouldn't have happened.
3 If I'd /1 had known that George had to get up early, I'd /1 would have woken him up.
4 If Jim hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have been able to buy the car. or ...I couldn't have bought the car.
5 If Margaret hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she'd / she would have been injured. If you'd / you had had (some) breakfast, you wouldn't be hungry
now.
6 If I'd /1 had had some money on me, I'd /1 would have got a taxi.
If Yapıları Şart Cümleleri
Put the verb into the correct form.
1 I didn't know you were in hospital. If ...I’d known... (I/know), .. I would have gone... (I/go) to visit you.
2 Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If..................
(he/miss) it,........... (he/be) late for his interview.
3 It's good that you reminded me about Ann's birthday...........
(I/forget) if.......... (you/not/remind) me.
4 Unfortunately, I didn't have my address book with me when I was in New York. If .....................(I/have) your address, ............... (I/send) you a postcard.
5 A: How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time?
B: It was OK, but.............. (we/enjoy) it more if............................(the weather/be) better.
6 I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad ................
(it/be) quicker if................. (I/walk).
7 I'm not tired. If.............. (I/be) tired, I'd go home now.
8 I wasn't tired last night. If......................(I/be) tired, I would have gone home earlier.
Answers:
2 he'd missed / he had missed ............. he would have been / he'd have been
3 I would have forgotten / I'd have forgotten ....... you hadn't reminded
4 I'd had /1 had had ........... I'd have sent /1 would have sent
5 we'd have enjoyed / we would have enjoyed ........... the weather had been
6 It would have been ........ I'd walked / I had walked
7 I was /I were
8 I'd been tired /I had been tired
1 I didn't know you were in hospital. If ...I’d known... (I/know), .. I would have gone... (I/go) to visit you.
2 Ken got to the station in time to catch his train. If..................
(he/miss) it,........... (he/be) late for his interview.
3 It's good that you reminded me about Ann's birthday...........
(I/forget) if.......... (you/not/remind) me.
4 Unfortunately, I didn't have my address book with me when I was in New York. If .....................(I/have) your address, ............... (I/send) you a postcard.
5 A: How was your holiday? Did you have a nice time?
B: It was OK, but.............. (we/enjoy) it more if............................(the weather/be) better.
6 I took a taxi to the hotel but the traffic was very bad ................
(it/be) quicker if................. (I/walk).
7 I'm not tired. If.............. (I/be) tired, I'd go home now.
8 I wasn't tired last night. If......................(I/be) tired, I would have gone home earlier.
Answers:
2 he'd missed / he had missed ............. he would have been / he'd have been
3 I would have forgotten / I'd have forgotten ....... you hadn't reminded
4 I'd had /1 had had ........... I'd have sent /1 would have sent
5 we'd have enjoyed / we would have enjoyed ........... the weather had been
6 It would have been ........ I'd walked / I had walked
7 I was /I were
8 I'd been tired /I had been tired
If Clauses Type 3 Unreal Past Situation
Comment on each situation using a type 3 conditional with if. Use would have, could have or might have.
► In a bookshop yesterday Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The only problem was that he didn't have
any money. … Daniel would have bought the book if he had had any money……………
► Rita often goes to concerts at the town hall, although not to every one. There was one on Saturday, but
she didn't know about it. …. Rita might have gone to the concert if she had known about it…….
1 On Sunday the guests had to have their lunch inside. Unfortunately it wasn't warm enough to have it
outside
2 There was a bomb scare last Tuesday. Sarah wanted to fly to Rome, but she wasn't able to. The airport
was closed
3 Laura has only met Nick once, and it's possible she wouldn't recognize him. He passed her yesterday,
but he had a crash-helmet on
4 Sarah has been quite busy, and she hasn't watered her plants for some time. As a result, they've died.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5 Nick likes ice hockey, but he didn't have a ticket to the game last week, so unfortunately he wasn't able to get in
ANSWER.1 The guests could/would have had their lunch outside if it had been warm enough/if it hadn't been so cold.
2 Sarah could/would have flown to Rome if the airport hadn't been closed/had been open.
3 Laura might have recognized Nick if he hadn't had a crash-helmet on.
4 Sarah's plants wouldn't have died/might not have died if she'd/she had watered them.
5 Nick could/would have got in (to the ice hockey game) if he'd/he had had a ticket.
► In a bookshop yesterday Daniel saw a book he really wanted. The only problem was that he didn't have
any money. … Daniel would have bought the book if he had had any money……………
► Rita often goes to concerts at the town hall, although not to every one. There was one on Saturday, but
she didn't know about it. …. Rita might have gone to the concert if she had known about it…….
1 On Sunday the guests had to have their lunch inside. Unfortunately it wasn't warm enough to have it
outside
2 There was a bomb scare last Tuesday. Sarah wanted to fly to Rome, but she wasn't able to. The airport
was closed
3 Laura has only met Nick once, and it's possible she wouldn't recognize him. He passed her yesterday,
but he had a crash-helmet on
4 Sarah has been quite busy, and she hasn't watered her plants for some time. As a result, they've died.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
5 Nick likes ice hockey, but he didn't have a ticket to the game last week, so unfortunately he wasn't able to get in
ANSWER.1 The guests could/would have had their lunch outside if it had been warm enough/if it hadn't been so cold.
2 Sarah could/would have flown to Rome if the airport hadn't been closed/had been open.
3 Laura might have recognized Nick if he hadn't had a crash-helmet on.
4 Sarah's plants wouldn't have died/might not have died if she'd/she had watered them.
5 Nick could/would have got in (to the ice hockey game) if he'd/he had had a ticket.
Conditional Sentences "if" - Type 3
Complete the conversation. Put in the correct form of the verb. Use the past perfect or would have.
Nick: United didn't play very well today.
Tom: We were awful. But if Hacker (►) ….had taken….. (take) that easy chance,
(►)…. we would have won……. (we / win).
Nick: We didn't deserve to win. It (1) (be) pretty unfair if Rangers
(2) (lose).
Tom: Hacker was dreadful. My grandmother (3) (score) if
(4) (she / be) in that position.
Nick: And if Burley(5) (not / be) asleep, he (6)
(not / give) a goal away.
Tom: If Johnson (7) (not / be) injured when we needed him most,
(8) (it/be) different.
Nick: Yes, (9) (we / beat) them if (10) (he / be) fit.
ANSWER:
1 would have been
2 had lost
3 would have scored
4 she'd been/she had been
5 hadn't been
6 wouldn't have given
7 hadn't been
8 it would have been
9 we'd have beaten/we would have beaten
10 he'd been/he had been
Nick: United didn't play very well today.
Tom: We were awful. But if Hacker (►) ….had taken….. (take) that easy chance,
(►)…. we would have won……. (we / win).
Nick: We didn't deserve to win. It (1) (be) pretty unfair if Rangers
(2) (lose).
Tom: Hacker was dreadful. My grandmother (3) (score) if
(4) (she / be) in that position.
Nick: And if Burley(5) (not / be) asleep, he (6)
(not / give) a goal away.
Tom: If Johnson (7) (not / be) injured when we needed him most,
(8) (it/be) different.
Nick: Yes, (9) (we / beat) them if (10) (he / be) fit.
ANSWER:
1 would have been
2 had lost
3 would have scored
4 she'd been/she had been
5 hadn't been
6 wouldn't have given
7 hadn't been
8 it would have been
9 we'd have beaten/we would have beaten
10 he'd been/he had been
Conditional Sentences "if"
PRACTICE 3-SELFSTUDY: Conditional sentences, past time. (Chart 10-4)
Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. All of the sentences to complete are "contrary to fact."
1. I'm sorry you had to take a cab to the airport. I didn't know you needed a ride. If you (tell)
had told me, I (rim) would have given you a ride gladly.
2. You made a lot of unnecessary mistakes in your composition. If you (use)........a dictionary to check your spelling, you (receive) a better grade.
3. A: Shh! Your father is taking a nap. Oh-oh. You woke him up.
B: Gee, I'm sorry, Mom. If I (realize)...........he was sleeping, I (make,
not......... so much noise when I came in. But how was I supposed to
know?
4.Many people were not satisfied with the leader after he took office. If they (know)
............more about his planned economic programs, they (vote, not)...............
for him.
5. Last night Alex ruined his sweater when he washed it. If he (read).......the
label, he (wash, not)..........it in hot water.
6. A: Ever since I broke my foot, I haven't been able to get down to the basement to wash my clothes.
B: Why didn't you say something? I (come)..........over and (wash)...........
them for you if you (ask)..............me.
A: I know you (come)..........ight away if I (call)
........you. I guess I just didn't want to bother you.
B: Nonsense! What are good neighbors for?
7.A: Oh, no! I've lost it!
B: Lost what?
A: The address for my job interview this afternoon. I wrote it on a match book.
B: A match book! If you (write)............. the address in your appointment
book where it belongs, you (lose, not)........it. When are you going to
get organized?
8. A: Ann, (you, take) that job if you (know)......... that you had to work nights? B: No way. I had no idea I'd have to work the late night hours they've had me working.
Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. All of the sentences to complete are "contrary to fact."
1. I'm sorry you had to take a cab to the airport. I didn't know you needed a ride. If you (tell)
had told me, I (rim) would have given you a ride gladly.
2. You made a lot of unnecessary mistakes in your composition. If you (use)........a dictionary to check your spelling, you (receive) a better grade.
3. A: Shh! Your father is taking a nap. Oh-oh. You woke him up.
B: Gee, I'm sorry, Mom. If I (realize)...........he was sleeping, I (make,
not......... so much noise when I came in. But how was I supposed to
know?
4.Many people were not satisfied with the leader after he took office. If they (know)
............more about his planned economic programs, they (vote, not)...............
for him.
5. Last night Alex ruined his sweater when he washed it. If he (read).......the
label, he (wash, not)..........it in hot water.
6. A: Ever since I broke my foot, I haven't been able to get down to the basement to wash my clothes.
B: Why didn't you say something? I (come)..........over and (wash)...........
them for you if you (ask)..............me.
A: I know you (come)..........ight away if I (call)
........you. I guess I just didn't want to bother you.
B: Nonsense! What are good neighbors for?
7.A: Oh, no! I've lost it!
B: Lost what?
A: The address for my job interview this afternoon. I wrote it on a match book.
B: A match book! If you (write)............. the address in your appointment
book where it belongs, you (lose, not)........it. When are you going to
get organized?
8. A: Ann, (you, take) that job if you (know)......... that you had to work nights? B: No way. I had no idea I'd have to work the late night hours they've had me working.
26 Ekim 2009 Pazartesi
Conditional Sentences - Type 0
TYPE 0 : Cause and Effect - Habitual results - Advice/Commands
This type of conditional is used to talk about general truths. It can also be used to describe cause and effect , facts , habitual reactions , commands and advice . The most commonly used form is ;
If + Simple present , Simple Present
If you heat the metal , it expands. (cause & effect)
I get angry if someone shouts at me. (habitual reaction)
If you boil water , it evaporates. (cause & effect)
I usually eat a few biscuits if I get hungry before lunch time. (habitual reaction)
If you go round the world , you return to the same point. (general truth)
"when" can be used instead of "if" in this type.
If it is hot , I wear thin clothes. (= When it is hot, I wear thin clothes.)
The door opens if you turn the switch ( = when you turn the switch the door opens)
Advice and commands are also expressed in this type (Note : They are considered Type-1 in some books)
If you do not want to put on weight don't eat too much . (advice)
Don't wait for me if I am late this evening. (command)
If you feel sick , see the doctor. (advice)
Stop smoking and take up a sport if you want to keep fit. (advice)
This type of conditional is used to talk about general truths. It can also be used to describe cause and effect , facts , habitual reactions , commands and advice . The most commonly used form is ;
If + Simple present , Simple Present
If you heat the metal , it expands. (cause & effect)
I get angry if someone shouts at me. (habitual reaction)
If you boil water , it evaporates. (cause & effect)
I usually eat a few biscuits if I get hungry before lunch time. (habitual reaction)
If you go round the world , you return to the same point. (general truth)
"when" can be used instead of "if" in this type.
If it is hot , I wear thin clothes. (= When it is hot, I wear thin clothes.)
The door opens if you turn the switch ( = when you turn the switch the door opens)
Advice and commands are also expressed in this type (Note : They are considered Type-1 in some books)
If you do not want to put on weight don't eat too much . (advice)
Don't wait for me if I am late this evening. (command)
If you feel sick , see the doctor. (advice)
Stop smoking and take up a sport if you want to keep fit. (advice)
Conditional Sentences - Type 1
TYPE 1 : TRUE IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE
Type 1 is used to describe what will happen if we think a future event probable. The most commonly used form is:
If+Simple Present ,WILL Future
Truth => It may rain . If so , we will eat inside.
Conditional Sentence => If it rains we will eat inside.
Truth => The cat might die . In that case , Arda will be upset.
Conditional Sentence => If the cat dies , Arda will be upset.
Truth => It is possible that Steve will enter the competition. And if he does, I am sure he will win.
Conditional Sentence => If Steve enters the competition, he will win.
Truth => Why don't you ask for a pay rise ? You'll probably get one.
Conditional Sentence => If you ask for a pay rise , you will probably get one.
Truth => The office may be closed . In that case , we won't be able to get in.
Conditional Sentence => If the office is closed we won't be able to get in.
Truth => The picture may be valuable . If so , we can sell it.
Conditional Sentence => If the pic is valuable , we can sell it.
Truth => It is probable that Muhammed won't come . In that case , the party will be cancelled.
Conditional Sentence => If Muhammed doesn't come , the part will be cancelled.
If the action in the if-clause is related to the future , we use Simple Present tense instead of future Tense:
Truth => Perhaps she will come tomorrow. Then we will work together.
Conditional Sentence => If she comes tomorrow, we will work together. (NOT: If she will come ... )
Truth => Perhaps it won't rain at the weekend . Then we will go on a picnic.
Conditional Sentence => If it does not rain at the weekend , we will go on a picnic. (NOT: If it won't rain ..)
Truth => Perhaps there will be another rise in prices soon. Then everybody will surfer a lot.
Conditional Sentence => If there is another rise in prices soon, everybody will suffer a lot. (NOT: If there will)
Type 1 is used to describe what will happen if we think a future event probable. The most commonly used form is:
If+Simple Present ,WILL Future
Truth => It may rain . If so , we will eat inside.
Conditional Sentence => If it rains we will eat inside.
Truth => The cat might die . In that case , Arda will be upset.
Conditional Sentence => If the cat dies , Arda will be upset.
Truth => It is possible that Steve will enter the competition. And if he does, I am sure he will win.
Conditional Sentence => If Steve enters the competition, he will win.
Truth => Why don't you ask for a pay rise ? You'll probably get one.
Conditional Sentence => If you ask for a pay rise , you will probably get one.
Truth => The office may be closed . In that case , we won't be able to get in.
Conditional Sentence => If the office is closed we won't be able to get in.
Truth => The picture may be valuable . If so , we can sell it.
Conditional Sentence => If the pic is valuable , we can sell it.
Truth => It is probable that Muhammed won't come . In that case , the party will be cancelled.
Conditional Sentence => If Muhammed doesn't come , the part will be cancelled.
If the action in the if-clause is related to the future , we use Simple Present tense instead of future Tense:
Truth => Perhaps she will come tomorrow. Then we will work together.
Conditional Sentence => If she comes tomorrow, we will work together. (NOT: If she will come ... )
Truth => Perhaps it won't rain at the weekend . Then we will go on a picnic.
Conditional Sentence => If it does not rain at the weekend , we will go on a picnic. (NOT: If it won't rain ..)
Truth => Perhaps there will be another rise in prices soon. Then everybody will surfer a lot.
Conditional Sentence => If there is another rise in prices soon, everybody will suffer a lot. (NOT: If there will)
25 Ekim 2009 Pazar
Dil Öğrenirken Rehberli Çalışma
REHBER SEÇME
Yani öğretmen seçme. Düşündüğünüzden daha önemli bir konu. Hatta en önemlisi. Çünkü dolaylı, dolaysız dil öğrenimi esnasında sizi her yönden etkileyecektir. Dil öğrenimi sırasında, kaynak seçmeden yönlendirmeye ve bu dili zevkli halde size sunmaya kadar birçok görevi öğretmen üstlenecektir. Bir yerde sizin için bu dilin anahtarıdır. Dil öğretiminde kullanacağı tarz sizin bu dile olan ilginizi arttıracak yada olumsuz yönde etkileyecektir. Bazen sizi tamamen karamsar, bazen de bir gol makinesi haline getirecektir. Bu yüzden öğretmen çok önemlidir.
Öğretmen seçerken dikkat etmeniz gereken unsuların başında, öncelikli olarak sizin ihtiyaçlarınızı tam olarak karşılayıp karşılayamayacağı gelir. Sizinle iletişimi nasıl? Bu çok önemlidir. Frekanslarınız tutuyor mu? Onu anlayabilir musunuz? Seçtiğiniz insan başkaları için mükemmel bir eğitmen olabilir, üstün niteliklere sahip olabilir fakat bunlar sizin için geçerli olmayabilir. Burada en önemlisi siz onu anlayabiliyor musunuz? Birey olarak sizin isteklerinizi cevaplayabiliyor mu? Önce bu soruların cevabını kafanızda bulun. Öğretirken heyecanlı mı? Gerçekten size İngilizce mi öğretmek istiyor?(Bu kurs ortamında ya da özel olabilir.) Yoksa vaktinizi, belirli bir zamanda bir şeyler anlatıp, dolgu malzemeleriyle mi harcıyor?
Bugünlerde gariptir bütün özel dershanelerde yabancı öğretmen çalıştırma modası başladı. Bu öğretmenlerin çoğu zaten öğretmenlik mesleğiyle alakasızdır. Bir defasında Sultanahmet'te duvarda İngilizce bir ilan vardı. İlanda özel bir İngilizce kursu için İngilizceyi ana dil olarak kullanan elemanlar aranıyor yazıyordu. Komik değil mi? Neyse! Şöyle bir düşünün; İngilizce hakkında hiçbir bilginiz yok, bir kursa kaydoluyorsunuz ve karşınızda bir yabancı. Amerikalı yada İngiliz. O konuşuyor. Sizin önce çok hoşunuza gidiyor. Daha önce alışık olmadığınız bir şey. Öğretmen hiç anlamadığınız o dili karşınıza geçmiş konuşuyor. Bu başlangıçta size çok hoş geliyor. Arkadaşlarınıza gittiğiniz kursu bu durumdan dolayı övmeye başlıyorsunuz. Sonra zaman geçiyor.
Başlarda bir gün nasıl olsa anlarım dediğiniz hocayı bir türlü anlayamıyorsunuz. Kolay mı? Ve ümitsizlik başlıyor. Sonra kursu bırakmak zorunda kalıyorsunuz. Ve bu başarısız girişim artık bu dilin gözünüzde büyümesine neden oluyor. Sizin için artık bu dili öğrenmek çok zor. Bir kere denediniz. Oldukça heyecanlıydınız. Çok ısrarda ettiniz. Ama başarısız oldunuz. Okulda çok başarılıydınız. Dersleriniz mükemmeldi, ne oldu? Neden pes ettiniz? İster inanın ister inanmayın, çevremde her gün bu şekilde onlarca başarısız olmuş insan görüyorum. Onlar yanlış rehber seçtiler kendilerine. Bazı ünlü kursların adlarına kapıldılar ve biraz zaman kaybettiler. Hüsrana uğradılar.
Başından beri benden bu konuda fikir alan insanlara her zaman gidecekleri kursun şanının şöhretinin önemli olmadığını, masların, sıraların, oradaki demirbaşların önemli olmadığını, bu dili onlara öğretecek olanın, onları direk olarak etkileyecek olanın öğretmenin ta kendisi olduğunu anlatmışımdır. Gittiğiniz kurs donanım yönünden çok mükemmel olabilir. Duvarları yağlıboyalı, sandalyeler çok rahat olabilir, yeterli donanıma sahip pahalı demirbaşlar, şunlar bunlar olabilir. Bunlar sizin için tabi ki önemlidir ama öğretmen kadar değil. Hele, yabancı öğretmenden ders almak yeni başlayan için çok gereksizdir. Belki haftalık ders programınız içerisinde sınırlı saatte size böyle bir imkan sunulabilir fakat aktif olarak size dili öğretecek kişi asla ve asla bir yabancı olmamalıdır.
Bu dönemde sizin düzgün bir Türkçe ile anlatılacak yoğun teorik bilgiye ihtiyacınız vardır. Hiçbir şey bilmediğinizi unutmayın. Yeni bir dil öğreneceksiniz. Bu zaman içerisinde anlatılan her şeyde mantık arayacaksınız. Sürekli kıyaslayacaksınız. Ağır, ağır fakat istikrarlı bir şekilde size bu dilin anlatılması gerekecektir.
Öğretmeniniz size özel ders veriyorsa yukarıdakiler aynen geçerlidir. Hatta daha fazla seçenek sahibisinizdir. Yalnız baştan şunun hesabını yapın. Özel öğretmen de tutsanız çok uzun bir zamana ihtiyacınız olacak. Öğretmeninizden hoşlanmıyorsanız veya ileride problem çıkacak gibiyse şimdiden başka arayışlara girmeniz sizin için en mantıklısı olacaktır. Sonradan başka bir öğretmenle devam etmek zorunda kalırsanız belirli bir dönem yeni öğretmeninizin öğretme tekniğine kendinizi alıştırmanız size zaman kaybettirecektir. Hatta isteyerek ya da istemeyerek sürekli eski öğretmeninizle yeni öğretmeninizi kıyaslayacaksınız. Bu yüz¬den mümkünse rehberiniz olacak kişinin daha önceki öğ¬rencileriyle iletişime geçip o kişi hakkında bilgi alınız.
Bir kursta ders alıyorsanız, yukarıda anlatılan her şey sizin için de geçerlidir. Öğretmeninizden hoşlanmıyorsanız ya da onu anlamıyorsanız fazla zaman kaybetmeden der¬hal öğretmeninizi değiştirin. Bunu en kısa zamanda yapar¬sanız sizin için en sağlıklısı olacaktır.
Yani öğretmen seçme. Düşündüğünüzden daha önemli bir konu. Hatta en önemlisi. Çünkü dolaylı, dolaysız dil öğrenimi esnasında sizi her yönden etkileyecektir. Dil öğrenimi sırasında, kaynak seçmeden yönlendirmeye ve bu dili zevkli halde size sunmaya kadar birçok görevi öğretmen üstlenecektir. Bir yerde sizin için bu dilin anahtarıdır. Dil öğretiminde kullanacağı tarz sizin bu dile olan ilginizi arttıracak yada olumsuz yönde etkileyecektir. Bazen sizi tamamen karamsar, bazen de bir gol makinesi haline getirecektir. Bu yüzden öğretmen çok önemlidir.
Öğretmen seçerken dikkat etmeniz gereken unsuların başında, öncelikli olarak sizin ihtiyaçlarınızı tam olarak karşılayıp karşılayamayacağı gelir. Sizinle iletişimi nasıl? Bu çok önemlidir. Frekanslarınız tutuyor mu? Onu anlayabilir musunuz? Seçtiğiniz insan başkaları için mükemmel bir eğitmen olabilir, üstün niteliklere sahip olabilir fakat bunlar sizin için geçerli olmayabilir. Burada en önemlisi siz onu anlayabiliyor musunuz? Birey olarak sizin isteklerinizi cevaplayabiliyor mu? Önce bu soruların cevabını kafanızda bulun. Öğretirken heyecanlı mı? Gerçekten size İngilizce mi öğretmek istiyor?(Bu kurs ortamında ya da özel olabilir.) Yoksa vaktinizi, belirli bir zamanda bir şeyler anlatıp, dolgu malzemeleriyle mi harcıyor?
Bugünlerde gariptir bütün özel dershanelerde yabancı öğretmen çalıştırma modası başladı. Bu öğretmenlerin çoğu zaten öğretmenlik mesleğiyle alakasızdır. Bir defasında Sultanahmet'te duvarda İngilizce bir ilan vardı. İlanda özel bir İngilizce kursu için İngilizceyi ana dil olarak kullanan elemanlar aranıyor yazıyordu. Komik değil mi? Neyse! Şöyle bir düşünün; İngilizce hakkında hiçbir bilginiz yok, bir kursa kaydoluyorsunuz ve karşınızda bir yabancı. Amerikalı yada İngiliz. O konuşuyor. Sizin önce çok hoşunuza gidiyor. Daha önce alışık olmadığınız bir şey. Öğretmen hiç anlamadığınız o dili karşınıza geçmiş konuşuyor. Bu başlangıçta size çok hoş geliyor. Arkadaşlarınıza gittiğiniz kursu bu durumdan dolayı övmeye başlıyorsunuz. Sonra zaman geçiyor.
Başlarda bir gün nasıl olsa anlarım dediğiniz hocayı bir türlü anlayamıyorsunuz. Kolay mı? Ve ümitsizlik başlıyor. Sonra kursu bırakmak zorunda kalıyorsunuz. Ve bu başarısız girişim artık bu dilin gözünüzde büyümesine neden oluyor. Sizin için artık bu dili öğrenmek çok zor. Bir kere denediniz. Oldukça heyecanlıydınız. Çok ısrarda ettiniz. Ama başarısız oldunuz. Okulda çok başarılıydınız. Dersleriniz mükemmeldi, ne oldu? Neden pes ettiniz? İster inanın ister inanmayın, çevremde her gün bu şekilde onlarca başarısız olmuş insan görüyorum. Onlar yanlış rehber seçtiler kendilerine. Bazı ünlü kursların adlarına kapıldılar ve biraz zaman kaybettiler. Hüsrana uğradılar.
Başından beri benden bu konuda fikir alan insanlara her zaman gidecekleri kursun şanının şöhretinin önemli olmadığını, masların, sıraların, oradaki demirbaşların önemli olmadığını, bu dili onlara öğretecek olanın, onları direk olarak etkileyecek olanın öğretmenin ta kendisi olduğunu anlatmışımdır. Gittiğiniz kurs donanım yönünden çok mükemmel olabilir. Duvarları yağlıboyalı, sandalyeler çok rahat olabilir, yeterli donanıma sahip pahalı demirbaşlar, şunlar bunlar olabilir. Bunlar sizin için tabi ki önemlidir ama öğretmen kadar değil. Hele, yabancı öğretmenden ders almak yeni başlayan için çok gereksizdir. Belki haftalık ders programınız içerisinde sınırlı saatte size böyle bir imkan sunulabilir fakat aktif olarak size dili öğretecek kişi asla ve asla bir yabancı olmamalıdır.
Bu dönemde sizin düzgün bir Türkçe ile anlatılacak yoğun teorik bilgiye ihtiyacınız vardır. Hiçbir şey bilmediğinizi unutmayın. Yeni bir dil öğreneceksiniz. Bu zaman içerisinde anlatılan her şeyde mantık arayacaksınız. Sürekli kıyaslayacaksınız. Ağır, ağır fakat istikrarlı bir şekilde size bu dilin anlatılması gerekecektir.
Öğretmeniniz size özel ders veriyorsa yukarıdakiler aynen geçerlidir. Hatta daha fazla seçenek sahibisinizdir. Yalnız baştan şunun hesabını yapın. Özel öğretmen de tutsanız çok uzun bir zamana ihtiyacınız olacak. Öğretmeninizden hoşlanmıyorsanız veya ileride problem çıkacak gibiyse şimdiden başka arayışlara girmeniz sizin için en mantıklısı olacaktır. Sonradan başka bir öğretmenle devam etmek zorunda kalırsanız belirli bir dönem yeni öğretmeninizin öğretme tekniğine kendinizi alıştırmanız size zaman kaybettirecektir. Hatta isteyerek ya da istemeyerek sürekli eski öğretmeninizle yeni öğretmeninizi kıyaslayacaksınız. Bu yüz¬den mümkünse rehberiniz olacak kişinin daha önceki öğ¬rencileriyle iletişime geçip o kişi hakkında bilgi alınız.
Bir kursta ders alıyorsanız, yukarıda anlatılan her şey sizin için de geçerlidir. Öğretmeninizden hoşlanmıyorsanız ya da onu anlamıyorsanız fazla zaman kaybetmeden der¬hal öğretmeninizi değiştirin. Bunu en kısa zamanda yapar¬sanız sizin için en sağlıklısı olacaktır.
Dil Öğrenmede Mekan ve Yer
Mekan ve İngilizce
Aktif İngilizce öğrenimi esnasında rahatsız edilemeyeceğiniz, öğretmeninizle baş başa kalabileceğiniz sessiz ortamları seçmeniz faydalı olacaktır. Yalnız çalışıyorsanız aynı şey sizin için de gerekli. Tefrişat olarak sizi rahat ettirecek ortamları seçin. Oturduğunuz sandalyeden masanıza kadar her şeyin sizi rahat ettirdiğine emin olun. Ders çalışırken uzun oturumlar yapın. Yani derse başladığınızda saatlerce çalışın. Tabii sistemli bir şekilde buradaki tavsiyelere uyarak yapın bunu. Bu arada dil öğrenimi için en uygun mevsimler sonbahar ve kıştır diyebilirim.
Eğer grup halinde ders görmek istiyorsanız, mümkünse samimi olduğunuz yakın arkadaşlarınızla böyle bir girişim yapabilirsiniz. Birkaç arkadaş birlikte özel bir öğretmen tutabilir ya da beraber kursa gidebilirsiniz veya beraber aynı anda çalışabilirsiniz. Bu sayede kursta İngilizce öğrenirken daha rahat olacaksınız. En azından diğer kursiyer arkadaşlarınız olduğu için hata yapmaktan çekinmeyeceksinizdir. Derste daha aktif olacaksınızdır. Aynı zamanda durumu yalnızca bir ders havasından çıkarmış olacaksınız. Biraz makara her zaman için iyidir. Ayrıca arkadaşlarınızla sürekli öğrendiklerinizi pratik etme olanağınız olacaktır. Özellikle iş arkadaşlarınızın, okul arkadaşlarınızın ya da sık görüştüğünüz arkadaşlarınızın ideal kurs arkadaşlarınız olması en uygunudur.
Aktif İngilizce öğrenimi esnasında rahatsız edilemeyeceğiniz, öğretmeninizle baş başa kalabileceğiniz sessiz ortamları seçmeniz faydalı olacaktır. Yalnız çalışıyorsanız aynı şey sizin için de gerekli. Tefrişat olarak sizi rahat ettirecek ortamları seçin. Oturduğunuz sandalyeden masanıza kadar her şeyin sizi rahat ettirdiğine emin olun. Ders çalışırken uzun oturumlar yapın. Yani derse başladığınızda saatlerce çalışın. Tabii sistemli bir şekilde buradaki tavsiyelere uyarak yapın bunu. Bu arada dil öğrenimi için en uygun mevsimler sonbahar ve kıştır diyebilirim.
Eğer grup halinde ders görmek istiyorsanız, mümkünse samimi olduğunuz yakın arkadaşlarınızla böyle bir girişim yapabilirsiniz. Birkaç arkadaş birlikte özel bir öğretmen tutabilir ya da beraber kursa gidebilirsiniz veya beraber aynı anda çalışabilirsiniz. Bu sayede kursta İngilizce öğrenirken daha rahat olacaksınız. En azından diğer kursiyer arkadaşlarınız olduğu için hata yapmaktan çekinmeyeceksinizdir. Derste daha aktif olacaksınızdır. Aynı zamanda durumu yalnızca bir ders havasından çıkarmış olacaksınız. Biraz makara her zaman için iyidir. Ayrıca arkadaşlarınızla sürekli öğrendiklerinizi pratik etme olanağınız olacaktır. Özellikle iş arkadaşlarınızın, okul arkadaşlarınızın ya da sık görüştüğünüz arkadaşlarınızın ideal kurs arkadaşlarınız olması en uygunudur.
Dil Öğrenirken Kaynak Seçme
Kaynak Seçme
İngilizce uluslararası bir dil olduğu için ve çok fazla öğrenci potansiyeline sahip olduğundan kendi başına ticari bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Buda beraberinde bu sektörden pay alma neticesinde sınırsız kaynağın yaratılmasına neden olmuştur. Sonuçta dil üzerinde o kadar çok çalışılmıştır ki bugün dünyadaki diğer bütün dillerden daha kolay bir şekilde öğretme teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Binlerce, on binlerce gramer kitapları yazılmış, bir o kadar kaset ve CD'ler hazırlanmıştır. (Fakat kimsenin aklına sizleri yönlendirecek bir rehber kitap hazırlamak gelmemiştir!)
Bütün bunlar bir yerde aslında bu dili öğrenen için büyük bir avantajdır fakat ne yazıktır ki, bu aynı zamanda pireyi deve yapmamıza neden olmuştur. Bugün dili öğrenen kişi materyal içinde boğulmaktadır. O kitaptan bu kitaba, bu kasetten o kasete derken her şey dili öğrenen kişiyi yıpratır hale gelmiştir. Bir nevi servet içinde bir yokluk çekmeye başlarsınız ya; bu tıpkı öyledir. Kimsenin aklına bir kitap alıp, o kitaba yönelmek gelmez. Aslında aşağı yukarı bütün İngilizce öğretme amaçlı hazırlanmış kitaplar hemen hemen aynıdır. Farklı olan kapağının güzelliği, kağıdının kalitesi ya da yayınevinin adıdır. Bundan dolayı yapmamız gereken mümkün olduğunca az fakat kapsamlı sağlam kaynaklara yönelmek olmalıdır. Bu konuda seçtiğiniz rehber size yardımcı olacak nitelik ve kalitede olmalıdır. Aynı konuları, defalarca değişik kitaplardan çalışmak sizin işinizi zorlaştırır. Şimdilik yalnızca size sunduğumuz küçük kaynaklarla idare edin.
Değişik materyallere yönelerek dikkatinizi dağıtmayın. Derslerde size anlatılanı anlayın, onlar üzerinde yoğunlaşın. Size verilen bilgiyi lokma lokma ve zamanında yutmaya çalışın. Diğer kaynaklar ile ilgilenmeyin, başka insanlardan danışmanlık istemeyin. Tam olarak kendinizi rehberinize emanet edin ve rehberinizin seçmiş olduğu kitaplara odaklanarak günlük size aktarılan bilgileri algılamaya, geliştirmeye çalışın. Başta da söylemiş olduğum gibi bütün bunları yapabilmeniz için rehberinizi çok dikkatli seçmiş olmanız gerekir. Aksi taktirde ona nasıl güvenebilirsiniz ki?
İngilizce uluslararası bir dil olduğu için ve çok fazla öğrenci potansiyeline sahip olduğundan kendi başına ticari bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Buda beraberinde bu sektörden pay alma neticesinde sınırsız kaynağın yaratılmasına neden olmuştur. Sonuçta dil üzerinde o kadar çok çalışılmıştır ki bugün dünyadaki diğer bütün dillerden daha kolay bir şekilde öğretme teknikleri geliştirilmiştir. Binlerce, on binlerce gramer kitapları yazılmış, bir o kadar kaset ve CD'ler hazırlanmıştır. (Fakat kimsenin aklına sizleri yönlendirecek bir rehber kitap hazırlamak gelmemiştir!)
Bütün bunlar bir yerde aslında bu dili öğrenen için büyük bir avantajdır fakat ne yazıktır ki, bu aynı zamanda pireyi deve yapmamıza neden olmuştur. Bugün dili öğrenen kişi materyal içinde boğulmaktadır. O kitaptan bu kitaba, bu kasetten o kasete derken her şey dili öğrenen kişiyi yıpratır hale gelmiştir. Bir nevi servet içinde bir yokluk çekmeye başlarsınız ya; bu tıpkı öyledir. Kimsenin aklına bir kitap alıp, o kitaba yönelmek gelmez. Aslında aşağı yukarı bütün İngilizce öğretme amaçlı hazırlanmış kitaplar hemen hemen aynıdır. Farklı olan kapağının güzelliği, kağıdının kalitesi ya da yayınevinin adıdır. Bundan dolayı yapmamız gereken mümkün olduğunca az fakat kapsamlı sağlam kaynaklara yönelmek olmalıdır. Bu konuda seçtiğiniz rehber size yardımcı olacak nitelik ve kalitede olmalıdır. Aynı konuları, defalarca değişik kitaplardan çalışmak sizin işinizi zorlaştırır. Şimdilik yalnızca size sunduğumuz küçük kaynaklarla idare edin.
Değişik materyallere yönelerek dikkatinizi dağıtmayın. Derslerde size anlatılanı anlayın, onlar üzerinde yoğunlaşın. Size verilen bilgiyi lokma lokma ve zamanında yutmaya çalışın. Diğer kaynaklar ile ilgilenmeyin, başka insanlardan danışmanlık istemeyin. Tam olarak kendinizi rehberinize emanet edin ve rehberinizin seçmiş olduğu kitaplara odaklanarak günlük size aktarılan bilgileri algılamaya, geliştirmeye çalışın. Başta da söylemiş olduğum gibi bütün bunları yapabilmeniz için rehberinizi çok dikkatli seçmiş olmanız gerekir. Aksi taktirde ona nasıl güvenebilirsiniz ki?
Dil Öğreniminde Yaş, Zaman ve Mekân Faktörlerinin Önemi
Yaş
Hepimizin bildiği yaygın bir atasözü vardır: "Ağaç yaş iken eğilir." Fakat bunun dil öğreniminde o kadarda fazla geçerli bir atasözü olarak kullanmamız ne derece doğru olur bilemem. Dil öğrenimde aslında belirli bir yaş idealdir ama daha küçük yaşlarda dilin suni ortamlarda özellikle küçük yaştaki çocuklara öğretilmesi yetişkinlerden daha zor olur. İlkokula giden bir çocukla bir lise talebesini kı¬yasladığımızda, lise talebelerinin bu konuda daha meyilli olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bunun en büyük nedeni çocukla¬rın öğrendikleri şeyin ne olduğunu bilememeleridir.
Lisede bu yalnızca bir derstir. Öğrenci bunu sadece ders olarak algılar. Yani yaptıkları şeyin bilincinde değildirler. Avantajları genç olmaları, öğrenime açık olmalarıdır. Aynı zamanda bilinçsizlik diye büyük bir dezavantajları da var. İngilizce'yi yalnızca bir ders olarak gördüklerinden dolayı, öğrenme becerisine sahip oldukları halde bunu beceremezler. Sonuç olarak bugün maalesef normal bir devlet lisesinden mezun olan bir öğrenci ortaokul ile birlikte toplam altı yıl İngilizce dersi gördüğü halde tek bir cümle dahi kuramaz. Belki siz de o öğrencilerden birisinizdir! Kaldı ki yabancı dil eğitimi çok iyi olan özel okullardan mezun olanların bile çoğu yetersiz düzeyde İngilizce bil¬mektedirler. Bunun başlıca nedeni bu konuda bilinçsiz ol¬malarıdır diyebiliriz. Bu yüzden bizim en büyük avantajı¬mız bunu istiyor olmamız olacak ve bir lise talebesi gibi İngilizce'nin yanında çalışmamız gereken sekiz ya da on tane diğer dersler olmayacak. Yapmamız gereken tek şey haftamızın belirli birkaç saatini aktif olarak İngilizce çalış¬maya ayırmak olacak. Yanınızda sürekli bir türkçe ingilizce sözlük bulundurmayı da ihmal etmeyin.
Fakat şu da bir gerçektir ki belirli bir yaştan sonra her şey gibi İngilizce öğrenmekte zordur. Üstelik hatırı sayılır bir eğitim geçmişimiz yoksa bu işleri daha da zorlaştırabilir. Bütün bunlara rağmen özetle yaşın bizim için pekde sorun teşkil etmediğini, önemli olanın öğrenme bilincinde olmak olduğunu bilmemiz gerekir.
Hepimizin bildiği yaygın bir atasözü vardır: "Ağaç yaş iken eğilir." Fakat bunun dil öğreniminde o kadarda fazla geçerli bir atasözü olarak kullanmamız ne derece doğru olur bilemem. Dil öğrenimde aslında belirli bir yaş idealdir ama daha küçük yaşlarda dilin suni ortamlarda özellikle küçük yaştaki çocuklara öğretilmesi yetişkinlerden daha zor olur. İlkokula giden bir çocukla bir lise talebesini kı¬yasladığımızda, lise talebelerinin bu konuda daha meyilli olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bunun en büyük nedeni çocukla¬rın öğrendikleri şeyin ne olduğunu bilememeleridir.
Lisede bu yalnızca bir derstir. Öğrenci bunu sadece ders olarak algılar. Yani yaptıkları şeyin bilincinde değildirler. Avantajları genç olmaları, öğrenime açık olmalarıdır. Aynı zamanda bilinçsizlik diye büyük bir dezavantajları da var. İngilizce'yi yalnızca bir ders olarak gördüklerinden dolayı, öğrenme becerisine sahip oldukları halde bunu beceremezler. Sonuç olarak bugün maalesef normal bir devlet lisesinden mezun olan bir öğrenci ortaokul ile birlikte toplam altı yıl İngilizce dersi gördüğü halde tek bir cümle dahi kuramaz. Belki siz de o öğrencilerden birisinizdir! Kaldı ki yabancı dil eğitimi çok iyi olan özel okullardan mezun olanların bile çoğu yetersiz düzeyde İngilizce bil¬mektedirler. Bunun başlıca nedeni bu konuda bilinçsiz ol¬malarıdır diyebiliriz. Bu yüzden bizim en büyük avantajı¬mız bunu istiyor olmamız olacak ve bir lise talebesi gibi İngilizce'nin yanında çalışmamız gereken sekiz ya da on tane diğer dersler olmayacak. Yapmamız gereken tek şey haftamızın belirli birkaç saatini aktif olarak İngilizce çalış¬maya ayırmak olacak. Yanınızda sürekli bir türkçe ingilizce sözlük bulundurmayı da ihmal etmeyin.
Fakat şu da bir gerçektir ki belirli bir yaştan sonra her şey gibi İngilizce öğrenmekte zordur. Üstelik hatırı sayılır bir eğitim geçmişimiz yoksa bu işleri daha da zorlaştırabilir. Bütün bunlara rağmen özetle yaşın bizim için pekde sorun teşkil etmediğini, önemli olanın öğrenme bilincinde olmak olduğunu bilmemiz gerekir.
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